339 lines
16 KiB
HTML
339 lines
16 KiB
HTML
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<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../../../../assets/img/favicon.png">
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<title>How to install and update programs on Linux </title>
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<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
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<a class="navbar-brand-anon" href="\index.html">nihilist`s Blog</a>
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<li><a href="https://blog.nowhere.moe/donate.html">Donate</a></li>
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</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
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<!-- +++++ Posts Lists +++++ -->
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<!-- +++++ First Post +++++ -->
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<div id="anon2">
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<a href="../anon.html">Previous Page</a></br></br><p><img src="../../assets/img/user.png" width="50px" height="50px"> <ba>nihilist@mainpc - 2024-06-16</ba></p>
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<h1>How to install and update programs on Linux </h1>
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<img src="0.png" style="width:250px">
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<p>In this tutorial, we're going to take a look at how you can install and update your programs on linux:</p>
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<p><h2><u>OPSEC Recommendations:</u></h2></p>
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<ol>
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<li><p>Hardware : PC / Laptop / Homeserver / Remote Server</p></li>
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<li><p>OS : <a href="../linux/index.html">Linux</a></p></li>
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</ol>
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<p>I recommend using this setup for <a href="../privacy/index.html">Private use</a>, as per the <a href="../opsec4levels/index.html">4 basic OPSEC levels</a>.</p>
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</div>
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</div><!-- /row -->
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</div> <!-- /container -->
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</div><!-- /grey -->
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<!-- +++++ Second Post +++++ -->
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<div id="anon3">
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<div class="container">
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2">
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<h2><b>Apt: Updating the repositories and packages </b></h2>
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<p>First we need to open up a terminal:</p>
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<img src="1.png" class="imgRz">
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<p>and then we can run the following command <b>sudo apt update</b> to make sure that our linux OS has the data regarding which are latest package versions:</p>
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<pre><code class="nim">
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nihilist@mainpc:~$ sudo apt update
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[sudo] password for nihilist:
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Hit:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease
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Get:2 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease [48.0 kB]
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Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease [55.4 kB]
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Hit:4 https://repository.mullvad.net/deb/stable bookworm InRelease
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Get:5 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main Sources [99.0 kB]
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Get:6 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 Packages [160 kB]
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Get:7 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main Translation-en [96.4 kB]
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Get:8 https://packages.element.io/debian default InRelease [3,618 B]
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Get:9 https://packages.element.io/debian default/main amd64 Packages [1,030 B]
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Get:10 tor+http://deb.w5j6stm77zs6652pgsij4awcjeel3eco7kvipheu6mtr623eyyehj4yd.onion bookworm InRelease [62.0 kB]
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Get:11 tor+http://deb.w5j6stm77zs6652pgsij4awcjeel3eco7kvipheu6mtr623eyyehj4yd.onion bookworm/main amd64 Packages [36.1 kB]
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Fetched 561 kB in 20s (28.5 kB/s)
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree... Done
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Reading state information... Done
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24 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
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</code></pre>
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<p>And at the bottom you see that there are 24 packages that can be upgraded, so we run <b>sudo apt upgrade</b> to make sure that those packages are on the latest available versions:</p>
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<pre><code class="nim">
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nihilist@mainpc:~$ sudo apt upgrade
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree... Done
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Reading state information... Done
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Calculating upgrade... Done
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The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
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default-jdk-headless libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libwpe-1.0-1 libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1 libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev libxt-dev linux-image-6.1.0-17-amd64 openjdk-17-jdk openjdk-17-jdk-headless x11proto-dev
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xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev
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Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
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The following packages will be upgraded:
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element-desktop ffmpeg firefox-esr gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-x libarchive-tools libarchive13 libavcodec59 libavdevice59 libavfilter8 libavformat59 libavutil57
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libgstreamer-gl1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libpostproc56 libswresample4 libswscale6 python3-pil python3-pil.imagetk tb-updater thunderbird
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24 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Need to get 134 MB/234 MB of archives.
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After this operation, 5,378 kB of additional disk space will be used.
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Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
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</code></pre>
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<p>Here we press y and enter to continue, then let it run:</p>
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<pre><code class="nim">
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Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
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Get:1 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libswscale6 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [215 kB]
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Get:2 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libavdevice59 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [114 kB]
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Get:3 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libavformat59 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [1,102 kB]
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Get:4 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libavfilter8 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [3,703 kB]
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Get:5 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libavcodec59 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [5,216 kB]
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Get:6 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libavutil57 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [363 kB]
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Get:7 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libpostproc56 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [94.0 kB]
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Get:8 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libswresample4 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [97.3 kB]
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Get:9 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 ffmpeg amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [1,814 kB]
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Get:10 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 firefox-esr amd64 115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1 [63.1 MB]
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Get:11 tor+http://deb.w5j6stm77zs6652pgsij4awcjeel3eco7kvipheu6mtr623eyyehj4yd.onion bookworm/main amd64 tb-updater all 3:33.4-1 [245 kB]
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Get:12 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 thunderbird amd64 1:115.12.0-1~deb12u1 [58.3 MB]
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Fetched 134 MB in 20s (6,658 kB/s)
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Reading changelogs... Done
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(Reading database ... 219964 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack .../00-element-desktop_1.11.68_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking element-desktop (1.11.68) over (1.11.67) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../01-libswscale6_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libswscale6:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../02-libavdevice59_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libavdevice59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../03-libavformat59_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libavformat59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../04-libavfilter8_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libavfilter8:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../05-libavcodec59_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libavcodec59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../06-libavutil57_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libavutil57:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../07-libpostproc56_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libpostproc56:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../08-libswresample4_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libswresample4:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../09-ffmpeg_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking ffmpeg (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../10-firefox-esr_115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Leaving 'diversion of /usr/bin/firefox to /usr/bin/firefox.real by firefox-esr'
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Unpacking firefox-esr (115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1) over (115.11.0esr-1~deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../11-libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../12-libgstreamer-gl1.0-0_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libgstreamer-gl1.0-0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../13-gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../14-gstreamer1.0-alsa_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking gstreamer1.0-alsa:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../15-gstreamer1.0-gl_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking gstreamer1.0-gl:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../16-gstreamer1.0-plugins-base_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../17-gstreamer1.0-x_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking gstreamer1.0-x:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../18-libarchive-tools_3.6.2-1+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libarchive-tools (3.6.2-1+deb12u1) over (3.6.2-1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../19-libarchive13_3.6.2-1+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libarchive13:amd64 (3.6.2-1+deb12u1) over (3.6.2-1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../20-python3-pil.imagetk_9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking python3-pil.imagetk:amd64 (9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1) over (9.4.0-1.1+b1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../21-python3-pil_9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking python3-pil:amd64 (9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1) over (9.4.0-1.1+b1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../22-tb-updater_3%3a33.4-1_all.deb ...
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Unpacking tb-updater (3:33.4-1) over (3:33.0-1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../23-thunderbird_1%3a115.12.0-1~deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking thunderbird (1:115.12.0-1~deb12u1) over (1:115.11.0-1~deb12u1) ...
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Setting up libarchive13:amd64 (3.6.2-1+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up element-desktop (1.11.68) ...
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update-alternatives is /usr/bin/update-alternatives
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Setting up libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
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Setting up python3-pil:amd64 (9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up libavutil57:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up libgstreamer-gl1.0-0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
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Setting up gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
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Setting up python3-pil.imagetk:amd64 (9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up libswresample4:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up thunderbird (1:115.12.0-1~deb12u1) ...
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Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.bin.thunderbird
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Setting up libpostproc56:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up libavcodec59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up libswscale6:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up firefox-esr (115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1) ...
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Setting up gstreamer1.0-gl:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
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Setting up libarchive-tools (3.6.2-1+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up gstreamer1.0-x:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
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Setting up gstreamer1.0-alsa:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
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Setting up libavformat59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
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Setting up libavfilter8:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up tb-updater (3:33.4-1) ...
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INFO: Using '--postinst' option but outside of Qubes Template, skipping, ok.
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Setting up libavdevice59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
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Setting up ffmpeg (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
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Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.26-1) ...
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Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
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Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.36-9+deb12u7) ...
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Processing triggers for man-db (2.11.2-2) ...
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Processing triggers for mailcap (3.70+nmu1) ...
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Scanning processes...
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Scanning candidates...
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Scanning linux images...
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Running kernel seems to be up-to-date.
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Restarting services...
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systemctl restart fwupd.service
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No containers need to be restarted.
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User sessions running outdated binaries:
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nihilist @ session #2: cinnamon[1513], element-desktop[103821,103826,103827,103829], firefox-esr[1238857]
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nihilist @ user manager service: systemd[1229]
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No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.
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</code></pre>
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<p>during the package upgrade it can prompt you if you want to restart processes:</p>
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<img src="2.png" class="imgRz">
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<p>Just press enter to allow the process to be restarted, and for the package upgrade to finish.</p>
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</div>
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</div><!-- /row -->
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</div> <!-- /container -->
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</div><!-- /white -->
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<div id="anon2">
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<div class="container">
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2">
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<h2><b>Installing new packages on Linux</b></h2> </br> </br>
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<p>First we can use the <b>apt search pkgname</b> command to look for available packages: </p>
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<pre><code class="nim">
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nihilist@mainpc:~$ apt search firefox-esr
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Sorting... Done
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Full Text Search... Done
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firefox-esr/stable-security,now 115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1 amd64
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Mozilla Firefox web browser - Extended Support Release (ESR)
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</code></pre>
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<p>Here we see that the firefox package is available, so let's install it with the <b>apt install pgkname</b> command:</p>
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<pre><code class="nim">
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nihilist@mainpc:~$ sudo apt install firefox-esr -y
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree... Done
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Reading state information... Done
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firefox-esr is already the newest version (115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1).
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</code></pre>
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<p>And then you can launch it:</p>
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<pre><code class="nim">
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nihilist@mainpc:~$ which firefox
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/usr/bin/firefox
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nihilist@mainpc:~$ firefox
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</code></pre>
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<img src="3.png" class="imgRz">
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<p>and if you want to remove the package you can use the command <b>apt purge firefox-esr</b></p>
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<p>Next, Bob can setup <a href="../hypervisorsetup/index.html">an open-source hypervisor</a> on his linux laptop to properly <a href="../internetsegmentation/index.html">segment</a> his internet usage.</p>
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</div>
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</div><!-- /row -->
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</div> <!-- /container -->
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</div><!-- /white -->
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<h4>Nihilism</h4>
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<p>
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Until there is Nothing left.
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</p>
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</div><!-- /col-lg-4 -->
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<div class="col-lg-4">
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<h4>My Links</h4>
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<p>
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<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://blog.nowhere.moe/rss/feed.xml">RSS Feed</a><br/><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://matrix.to/#/#nowheremoe:nowhere.moe">Matrix Chat</a><br/>
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<h4>About nihilist</h4>
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<p style="word-wrap: break-word;"><u>Donate XMR:</u> 8AUYjhQeG3D5aodJDtqG499N5jXXM71gYKD8LgSsFB9BUV1o7muLv3DXHoydRTK4SZaaUBq4EAUqpZHLrX2VZLH71Jrd9k8</p></br><p><u>Contact:</u> nihilist@nowhere.moe (<a href="https://nowhere.moe/nihilist.pubkey">PGP</a>)</p>
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