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380 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
$Id$
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Tor Rendezvous Specification
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0. Overview and preliminaries
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Read http://tor.eff.org/doc/design-paper/tor-design.html#sec:rendezvous
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before you read this specification. It will make more sense.
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Rendezvous points provide location-hidden services (server
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anonymity) for the onion routing network. With rendezvous points,
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Bob can offer a TCP service (say, a webserver) via the onion
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routing network, without revealing the IP of that service.
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Bob does this by anonymously advertising a public key for his
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service, along with a list of onion routers to act as "Introduction
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Points" for his service. He creates forward OR circuits to those
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introduction points, and tells them about his public key. To
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connect to Bob, Alice first builds an OR circuit to an OR to act as
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her "Rendezvous Point", then connects to one of Bob's chosen
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introduction points, and asks it to tell him about her Rendezvous
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Point (RP). If Bob chooses to answer, he builds an OR circuit to her
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RP, and tells it to connect him to Alice. The RP joints their
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circuits together, and begins relaying cells. Alice's 'BEGIN'
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cells are received directly by Bob's OP, which responds by
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communication with the local server implementing Bob's service.
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Below, we describe a network-level specification of this service,
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along with interfaces to make this process transparent to Alice
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(so long as she is using an OP).
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0.1. Notation, conventions and prerequisites
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In the specifications below, we use the same notation as in
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"tor-spec.txt". The service specified here also requires the existence of
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an onion routing network as specified in "tor-spec.txt".
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H(x) is a SHA1 digest of x.
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PKSign(SK,x) is a PKCS.1-padded RSA signature of x with SK.
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PKEncrypt(SK,x) is a PKCS.1-padded RSA encryption of x with SK.
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Public keys are all RSA, and encoded in ASN.1.
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All integers are stored in network (big-endian) order.
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All symmetric encryption uses AES in counter mode, except where
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otherwise noted.
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In all discussions, "Alice" will refer to a user connecting to a
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location-hidden service, and "Bob" will refer to a user running a
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location-hidden service.
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0.2. Protocol outline
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1. Bob->Bob's OP: "Offer IP:Port as public-key-name:Port". [configuration]
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(We do not specify this step; it is left to the implementor of
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Bob's OP.)
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2. Bob's OP generates keypair and rendezvous service descriptor:
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"Meet public-key X at introduction point A, B, or C." (signed)
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3. Bob's OP->Introduction point via Tor: [introduction setup]
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"This pk is me."
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4. Bob's OP->directory service via Tor: publishes Bob's service descriptor
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[advertisement]
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5. Out of band, Alice receives a y.onion:port address. She opens a
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SOCKS connection to her OP, and requests y.onion:port.
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6. Alice's OP retrieves Bob's descriptor via Tor: [descriptor lookup.]
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7. Alice's OP chooses a rendezvous point, opens a circuit to that
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rendezvous point, and establishes a rendezvous circuit. [rendezvous
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setup.]
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8. Alice connects to the Introduction point via Tor, and tells it about
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her rendezvous point. (Encrypted to Bob.) [Introduction 1]
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9. The Introduction point passes this on to Bob's OP via Tor, along the
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introduction circuit. [Introduction 2]
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10. Bob's OP decides whether to connect to Alice, and if so, creates a
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circuit to Alice's RP via Tor. Establishes a shared circuit.
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[Rendezvous.]
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11. Alice's OP sends begin cells to Bob's OP. [Connection]
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0.3. Constants and new cell types
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Relay cell types
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32 -- RELAY_ESTABLISH_INTRO
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33 -- RELAY_ESTABLISH_RENDEZVOUS
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34 -- RELAY_INTRODUCE1
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35 -- RELAY_INTRODUCE2
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36 -- RELAY_RENDEZVOUS1
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37 -- RELAY_RENDEZVOUS2
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38 -- RELAY_INTRO_ESTABLISHED
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39 -- RELAY_RENDEZVOUS_ESTABLISHED
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40 -- RELAY_COMMAND_INTRODUCE_ACK
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1. The Protocol
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1.1. Bob configures his local OP.
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We do not specify a format for the OP configuration file. However,
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OPs SHOULD allow Bob to provide more than one advertised service
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per OP, and MUST allow Bob to specify one or more virtual ports per
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service. Bob provides a mapping from each of these virtual ports
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to a local IP:Port pair.
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1.2. Bob's OP generates service descriptors.
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The first time the OP provides an advertised service, it generates
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a public/private keypair (stored locally). Periodically, the OP
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generates a pair of service descriptors, one "V1" and one "V0".
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The "V1" descriptor contains:
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V Format byte: set to 255 [1 octet]
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V Version byte: set to 1 [1 octet]
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KL Key length [2 octets]
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PK Bob's public key [KL octets]
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TS A timestamp [4 octets]
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PROTO Protocol versions: bitmask [2 octets]
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NI Number of introduction points [2 octets]
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For each introduction point: (as in INTRODUCE2 cells)
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IP Rendezvous point's address [4 octets]
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PORT Rendezvous point's OR port [2 octets]
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ID Rendezvous point identity ID [20 octets]
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KLEN Length of onion key [2 octets]
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KEY Rendezvous point onion key [KLEN octets]
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SIG Signature of above fields [variable]
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The "V0" descriptor contains:
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KL Key length [2 octets]
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PK Bob's public key [KL octets]
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TS A timestamp [4 octets]
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NI Number of introduction points [2 octets]
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Ipt A list of NUL-terminated ORs [variable]
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SIG Signature of above fields [variable]
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KL is the length of PK, in octets. (Currently, KL must be 128.)
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TS is the number of seconds elapsed since Jan 1, 1970.
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The members of Ipt may be either (a) nicknames, or (b) identity key
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digests, encoded in hex, and prefixed with a '$'. Clients must
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accept both forms. Services must only generate the second form.
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Once 0.0.9.x is obsoleted, we can drop the first form.
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[It's ok for Bob to advertise 0 introduction points. He might want
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to do that if he previously advertised some introduction points,
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and now he doesn't have any. -RD]
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[Once Tor 0.1.0.x is obsolete, we can stop generating or using V0
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descriptors. -NM]
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1.3. Bob's OP establishes his introduction points.
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The OP establishes a new introduction circuit to each introduction
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point. These circuits MUST NOT be used for anything but rendezvous
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introduction. To establish the introduction, Bob sends a
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RELAY_ESTABLISH_INTRO cell, containing:
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KL Key length [2 octets]
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PK Bob's public key [KL octets]
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HS Hash of session info [20 octets]
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SIG Signature of above information [variable]
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To prevent replay attacks, the HS field contains a SHA-1 hash based on the
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shared secret KH between Bob's OP and the introduction point, as
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follows:
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HS = H(KH | "INTRODUCE")
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That is:
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HS = H(KH | [49 4E 54 52 4F 44 55 43 45])
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(KH, as specified in tor-spec.txt, is H(g^xy | [00]) .)
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Upon receiving such a cell, the OR first checks that the signature is
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correct with the included public key. If so, it checks whether HS is
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correct given the shared state between Bob's OP and the OR. If either
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check fails, the OP discards the cell; otherwise, it associates the
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circuit with Bob's public key, and dissociates any other circuits
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currently associated with PK. On success, the OR sends Bob a
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RELAY_INTRO_ESTABLISHED cell with an empty payload.
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1.4. Bob's OP advertises his service descriptor(s)
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Bob's OP opens a stream to each directory server's directory port via Tor.
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(He may re-use old circuits for this.) Over this stream, Bob's OP makes
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an HTTP 'POST' request, to a URL "/tor/rendezvous/publish" relative to the
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directory server's root, containing as its body Bob's service descriptor.
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Upon receiving a descriptor, the directory server checks the signature,
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and discards the descriptor if the signature does not match the enclosed
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public key. Next, the directory server checks the timestamp. If the
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timestamp is more than 24 hours in the past or more than 1 hour in the
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future, or the directory server already has a newer descriptor with the
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same public key, the server discards the descriptor. Otherwise, the
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server discards any older descriptors with the same public key, and
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associates the new descriptor with the public key. The directory server
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remembers this descriptor for at least 24 hours after its timestamp. At
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least every 24 hours, Bob's OP uploads a fresh descriptor.
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1.5. Alice receives a y.onion address
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When Alice receives a pointer to a location-hidden service, it is as a
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hostname of the form "y.onion", where y is a base-32 encoding of a
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10-octet hash of Bob's service's public key, computed as follows:
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1. Let H = H(PK).
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2. Let H' = the first 80 bits of H, considering each octet from
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most significant bit to least significant bit.
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2. Generate a 16-character encoding of H', using base32 as defined
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in RFC 3548.
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(We only use 80 bits instead of the 160 bits from SHA1 because we don't
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need to worry about man-in-the-middle attacks, and because it will make
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handling the url's more convenient.)
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[Yes, numbers are allowed at the beginning. See RFC1123. -NM]
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1.6. Alice's OP retrieves a service descriptor
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Alice opens a stream to a directory server via Tor, and makes an HTTP GET
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request for the document '/tor/rendezvous/<y>' or '/tor/rendezvous1/<y>',
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where '<y> is replaced with the encoding of Bob's public key as described
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above. (She may re-use old circuits for this.) The directory replies with
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a 404 HTTP response if it does not recognize <y>, and otherwise returns
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Bob's most recently uploaded service descriptor. (If Alice requests
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'rendezvous1', the directory server provides a V1 descriptor or a V0
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descriptor if no V1 descriptor is available. If Alice requests
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'rendezvous', the directory server returns a V0 descriptor.)
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If Alice's OP receives a 404 response, it tries the other directory
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servers, and only fails the lookup if none recognizes the public key hash.
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Upon receiving a service descriptor, Alice verifies with the same process
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as the directory server uses, described above in section 1.4.
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The directory server gives a 400 response if it cannot understand Alice's
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request.
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Alice should cache the descriptor locally, but should not use
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descriptors that are more than 24 hours older than their timestamp.
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[Caching may make her partitionable, but she fetched it anonymously,
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and we can't very well *not* cache it. -RD]
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1.7. Alice's OP establishes a rendezvous point.
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When Alice requests a connection to a given location-hidden service,
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and Alice's OP does not have an established circuit to that service,
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the OP builds a rendezvous circuit. It does this by establishing
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a circuit to a randomly chosen OR, and sending a
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RELAY_ESTABLISH_RENDEZVOUS cell to that OR. The body of that cell
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contains:
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RC Rendezvous cookie [20 octets]
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The rendezvous cookie is an arbitrary 20-byte value, chosen randomly by
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Alice's OP.
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Upon receiving a RELAY_ESTABLISH_RENDEZVOUS cell, the OR associates the
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RC with the circuit that sent it. It replies to Alice with an empty
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RELAY_RENDEZVOUS_ESTABLISHED cell to indicate success.
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Alice's OP MUST NOT use the circuit which sent the cell for any purpose
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other than rendezvous with the given location-hidden service.
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1.8. Introduction: from Alice's OP to Introduction Point
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Alice builds a separate circuit to one of Bob's chosen introduction
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points, and sends it a RELAY_INTRODUCE1 cell containing:
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Cleartext
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PK_ID Identifier for Bob's PK [20 octets]
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Encrypted to Bob's PK:
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RP Rendezvous point's nickname [20 octets]
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RC Rendezvous cookie [20 octets]
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g^x Diffie-Hellman data, part 1 [128 octets]
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OR
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VER Version byte: set to 1. [1 octet]
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RP Rendezvous point nick or ID [42 octets]
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RC Rendezvous cookie [20 octets]
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g^x Diffie-Hellman data, part 1 [128 octets]
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OR
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VER Version byte: set to 2. [1 octet]
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IP Rendezvous point's address [4 octets]
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PORT Rendezvous point's OR port [2 octets]
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ID Rendezvous point identity ID [20 octets]
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KLEN Length of onion key [2 octets]
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KEY Rendezvous point onion key [KLEN octets]
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RC Rendezvous cookie [20 octets]
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g^x Diffie-Hellman data, part 1 [128 octets]
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PK_ID is the hash of Bob's public key. RP is NUL-padded and terminated,
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and must contain EITHER a nickname, or an identity key digest, encoded in
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hex, and prefixed with a '$'.
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Implementations SHOULD accept all variants, and list the variants they
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accept in their V1 descriptor. Implementations should only generate the
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variants listed in the service's V1 descriptor; if no V1 descriptor is
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available, only the first variant should be generated. No version should
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generate the second variant (version byte=1).
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The hybrid encryption to Bob's PK works just like the hybrid
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encryption in CREATE cells (see main spec). Thus the payload of the
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RELAY_INTRODUCE1 cell on the wire will contain 20+42+16+20+20+128=246
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bytes. [XXXX not really]
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1.9. Introduction: From the Introduction Point to Bob's OP
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If the Introduction Point recognizes PK_ID as a public key which has
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established a circuit for introductions as in 1.3 above, it sends the body
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of the cell in a new RELAY_INTRODUCE2 cell down the corresponding circuit.
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(If the PK_ID is unrecognized, the RELAY_INTRODUCE1 cell is discarded.)
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After sending the RELAY_INTRODUCE2 cell, the OR replies to Alice with an
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empty RELAY_COMMAND_INTRODUCE_ACK cell. If no RELAY_INTRODUCE2 cell can
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be sent, the OR replies to Alice with a non-empty cell to indicate an
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error. (The semantics of the cell body may be determined later; the
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current implementation sends a single '1' byte on failure.)
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When Bob's OP receives the RELAY_INTRODUCE2 cell, it decrypts it with
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the private key for the corresponding hidden service, and extracts the
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rendezvous point's nickname, the rendezvous cookie, and the value of g^x
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chosen by Alice.
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1.10. Rendezvous
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Bob's OP build a new Tor circuit ending at Alice's chosen rendezvous
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point, and sends a RELAY_RENDEZVOUS1 cell along this circuit, containing:
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RC Rendezvous cookie [20 octets]
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g^y Diffie-Hellman [128 octets]
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KH Handshake digest [20 octets]
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(Bob's OP MUST NOT use this circuit for any other purpose.)
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If the RP recognizes RC, it relays the rest of the cell down the
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corresponding circuit in a RELAY_RENDEZVOUS2 cell, containing:
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g^y Diffie-Hellman [128 octets]
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KH Handshake digest [20 octets]
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(If the RP does not recognize the RC, it discards the cell and
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tears down the circuit.)
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When Alice's OP receives a RELAY_RENDEZVOUS2 cell on a circuit which
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has sent a RELAY_ESTABLISH_RENDEZVOUS cell but which has not yet received
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a reply, it uses g^y and H(g^xy) to complete the handshake as in the Tor
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circuit extend process: they establish a 60-octet string as
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K = SHA1(g^xy | [00]) | SHA1(g^xy | [01]) | SHA1(g^xy | [02])
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and generate
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KH = K[0..15]
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Kf = K[16..31]
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Kb = K[32..47]
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Subsequently, the rendezvous point passes relay cells, unchanged, from
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each of the two circuits to the other. When Alice's OP sends
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RELAY cells along the circuit, it first encrypts them with the
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Kf, then with all of the keys for the ORs in Alice's side of the circuit;
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and when Alice's OP receives RELAY cells from the circuit, it decrypts
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them with the keys for the ORs in Alice's side of the circuit, then
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decrypts them with Kb. Bob's OP does the same, with Kf and Kb
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interchanged.
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1.11. Creating streams
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To open TCP connections to Bob's location-hidden service, Alice's OP sends
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a RELAY_BEGIN cell along the established circuit, using the special
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address "", and a chosen port. Bob's OP chooses a destination IP and
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port, based on the configuration of the service connected to the circuit,
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and opens a TCP stream. From then on, Bob's OP treats the stream as an
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ordinary exit connection.
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[ Except he doesn't include addr in the connected cell or the end
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cell. -RD]
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Alice MAY send multiple RELAY_BEGIN cells along the circuit, to open
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multiple streams to Bob. Alice SHOULD NOT send RELAY_BEGIN cells for any
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other address along her circuit to Bob; if she does, Bob MUST reject them.
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