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// Copyright (c) The Tor Project, Inc.
// See LICENSE for licensing information
// This is an asciidoc file used to generate the manpage/html reference.
// Learn asciidoc on http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/userguide.html
:man source: Tor
:man manual: Tor Manual
// compat-mode tells Asciidoctor tools to process this as legacy AsciiDoc
:compat-mode:
// attribute to make it easier to write names containing double underscores
:dbl_: __
= TOR(1)
== NAME
tor - The second-generation onion router
== SYNOPSIS
**tor** [__OPTION__ __value__]...
== DESCRIPTION
Tor is a connection-oriented anonymizing communication service. Users
choose a source-routed path through a set of nodes, and negotiate a
"virtual circuit" through the network. Each node in a virtual circuit
knows its predecessor and successor nodes, but no other nodes. Traffic
flowing down the circuit is unwrapped by a symmetric key at each node,
which reveals the downstream node. +
Basically, Tor provides a distributed network of servers or relays
("onion routers"). Users bounce their TCP streams, including web
traffic, ftp, ssh, etc., around the network, so that recipients,
observers, and even the relays themselves have difficulty tracking the
source of the stream.
[NOTE]
By default, **tor** acts as a client only. To help the network by
providing bandwidth as a relay, change the **ORPort** configuration
option as mentioned below. Please also consult the documentation on
the Tor Project's website.
== COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
Tor has a powerful command-line interface. This section lists optional
arguments you can specify at the command line using the **`tor`**
command.
Configuration options can be specified on the command line in the
format **`--`**_OptionName_ _OptionValue_, on the command line in the
format _OptionName_ _OptionValue_, or in a configuration file. For
instance, you can tell Tor to start listening for SOCKS connections on
port 9999 by passing either **`--SocksPort 9999`** or **`SocksPort
9999`** on the command line, or by specifying **`SocksPort 9999`** in
the configuration file. On the command line, quote option values that
contain spaces. For instance, if you want Tor to log all debugging
messages to **`debug.log`**, you must specify **`--Log "debug file
debug.log"`**.
NOTE: Configuration options on the command line override those in
configuration files. See **<<conf-format,THE CONFIGURATION FILE
FORMAT>>** for more information.
The following options in this section are only recognized on the
**`tor`** command line, not in a configuration file.
[[opt-h]] **`-h`**, **`--help`**::
Display a short help message and exit.
[[opt-f]] **`-f`** __FILE__::
Specify a new configuration file to contain further Tor configuration
options, or pass *-* to make Tor read its configuration from standard
input. (Default: **`@CONFDIR@/torrc`**, or **`$HOME/.torrc`** if
that file is not found)
[[opt-allow-missing-torrc]] **`--allow-missing-torrc`**::
Allow the configuration file specified by **`-f`** to be missing,
if the defaults-torrc file (see below) is accessible.
[[opt-defaults-torrc]] **`--defaults-torrc`** __FILE__::
Specify a file in which to find default values for Tor options. The
contents of this file are overridden by those in the regular
configuration file, and by those on the command line. (Default:
**`@CONFDIR@/torrc-defaults`**.)
[[opt-ignore-missing-torrc]] **`--ignore-missing-torrc`**::
Specify that Tor should treat a missing torrc file as though it
were empty. Ordinarily, Tor does this for missing default torrc files,
but not for those specified on the command line.
[[opt-hash-password]] **`--hash-password`** __PASSWORD__::
Generate a hashed password for control port access.
[[opt-list-fingerprint]] **`--list-fingerprint`**::
Generate your keys and output your nickname and fingerprint.
[[opt-verify-config]] **`--verify-config`**::
Verify whether the configuration file is valid.
[[opt-dump-config]] **`--dump-config`** **`short`**|**`full`**|**`non-builtin`**::
Write a complete list of Tor's configured options to standard output.
When the `short` flag is selected, only write the options that
are different from their default values. When `non-builtin` is selected,
write options that are not zero or the empty string.
When `full` is selected, write every option.
[[opt-serviceinstall]] **`--service install`** [**`--options`** __command-line options__]::
Install an instance of Tor as a Windows service, with the provided
command-line options. Current instructions can be found at
https://www.torproject.org/docs/faq#NTService
[[opt-service]] **`--service`** **`remove`**|**`start`**|**`stop`**::
Remove, start, or stop a configured Tor Windows service.
[[opt-nt-service]] **`--nt-service`**::
Used internally to implement a Windows service.
[[opt-list-torrc-options]] **`--list-torrc-options`**::
List all valid options.
[[opt-list-deprecated-options]] **`--list-deprecated-options`**::
List all valid options that are scheduled to become obsolete in a
future version. (This is a warning, not a promise.)
[[opt-list-modules]] **`--list-modules`**::
List whether each optional module has been compiled into Tor.
(Any module not listed is not optional in this version of Tor.)
[[opt-version]] **`--version`**::
Display Tor version and exit. The output is a single line of the format
"Tor version [version number]." (The version number format
is as specified in version-spec.txt.)
[[opt-quiet]] **`--quiet`**|**`--hush`**::
Override the default console logging behavior. By default, Tor
starts out logging messages at level "notice" and higher to the
console. It stops doing so after it parses its configuration, if
the configuration tells it to log anywhere else. These options
override the default console logging behavior. Use the
**`--hush`** option if you want Tor to log only warnings and
errors to the console, or use the **`--quiet`** option if you want
Tor not to log to the console at all.
[[opt-keygen]] **`--keygen`** [**`--newpass`**]::
Running **`tor --keygen`** creates a new ed25519 master identity key
for a relay, or only a fresh temporary signing key and
certificate, if you already have a master key. Optionally, you
can encrypt the master identity key with a passphrase. When Tor
asks you for a passphrase and you don't want to encrypt the master
key, just don't enter any passphrase when asked. +
+
Use the **`--newpass`** option with **`--keygen`** only when you
need to add, change, or remove a passphrase on an existing ed25519
master identity key. You will be prompted for the old passphase
(if any), and the new passphrase (if any).
+
[NOTE]
When generating a master key, you may want to use
**`--DataDirectory`** to control where the keys and certificates
will be stored, and **`--SigningKeyLifetime`** to control their
lifetimes. See the server options section to learn more about the
behavior of these options. You must have write access to the
specified DataDirectory.
+
[normal]
To use the generated files, you must copy them to the
__DataDirectory__/**`keys`** directory of your Tor daemon, and
make sure that they are owned by the user actually running the Tor
daemon on your system.
**`--passphrase-fd`** __FILEDES__::
File descriptor to read the passphrase from. Note that unlike with the
tor-gencert program, the entire file contents are read and used as
the passphrase, including any trailing newlines.
If the file descriptor is not specified, the passphrase is read
from the terminal by default.
[[opt-key-expiration]] **`--key-expiration`** [__purpose__]::
The __purpose__ specifies which type of key certificate to determine
the expiration of. The only currently recognised __purpose__ is
"sign". +
+
Running **`tor --key-expiration sign`** will attempt to find your
signing key certificate and will output, both in the logs as well
as to stdout, the signing key certificate's expiration time in
ISO-8601 format. For example, the output sent to stdout will be
of the form: "signing-cert-expiry: 2017-07-25 08:30:15 UTC"
[[conf-format]]
== THE CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT
All configuration options in a configuration are written on a single line by
default. They take the form of an option name and a value, or an option name
and a quoted value (option value or option "value"). Anything after a #
character is treated as a comment. Options are
case-insensitive. C-style escaped characters are allowed inside quoted
values. To split one configuration entry into multiple lines, use a single
backslash character (\) before the end of the line. Comments can be used in
such multiline entries, but they must start at the beginning of a line.
Configuration options can be imported from files or folders using the %include
option with the value being a path. If the path is a file, the options from the
file will be parsed as if they were written where the %include option is. If
the path is a folder, all files on that folder will be parsed following lexical
order. Files starting with a dot are ignored. Files on subfolders are ignored.
The %include option can be used recursively.
By default, an option on the command line overrides an option found in the
configuration file, and an option in a configuration file overrides one in
the defaults file.
This rule is simple for options that take a single value, but it can become
complicated for options that are allowed to occur more than once: if you
specify four SocksPorts in your configuration file, and one more SocksPort on
the command line, the option on the command line will replace __all__ of the
SocksPorts in the configuration file. If this isn't what you want, prefix
the option name with a plus sign (+), and it will be appended to the previous
set of options instead. For example, setting SocksPort 9100 will use only
port 9100, but setting +SocksPort 9100 will use ports 9100 and 9050 (because
this is the default).
Alternatively, you might want to remove every instance of an option in the
configuration file, and not replace it at all: you might want to say on the
command line that you want no SocksPorts at all. To do that, prefix the
option name with a forward slash (/). You can use the plus sign (+) and the
forward slash (/) in the configuration file and on the command line.
== GENERAL OPTIONS
// These options are in alphabetical order, with exceptions as noted.
// Please keep them that way!
[[AccelDir]] **AccelDir** __DIR__::
Specify this option if using dynamic hardware acceleration and the engine
implementation library resides somewhere other than the OpenSSL default.
Can not be changed while tor is running.
[[AccelName]] **AccelName** __NAME__::
When using OpenSSL hardware crypto acceleration attempt to load the dynamic
engine of this name. This must be used for any dynamic hardware engine.
Names can be verified with the openssl engine command. Can not be changed
while tor is running. +
+
If the engine name is prefixed with a "!", then Tor will exit if the
engine cannot be loaded.
[[AlternateBridgeAuthority]] **AlternateBridgeAuthority** [__nickname__] [**flags**] __ipv4address__:__port__ __ fingerprint__::
[[AlternateDirAuthority]] **AlternateDirAuthority** [__nickname__] [**flags**] __ipv4address__:__port__ __fingerprint__::
These options behave as DirAuthority, but they replace fewer of the
default directory authorities. Using
AlternateDirAuthority replaces the default Tor directory authorities, but
leaves the default bridge authorities in
place. Similarly,
AlternateBridgeAuthority replaces the default bridge authority,
but leaves the directory authorities alone.
[[AndroidIdentityTag]] **AndroidIdentityTag** __tag__::
When logging to Android's logging subsystem, adds a tag to the log identity
such that log entries are marked with "Tor-__tag__". Can not be changed while
tor is running. (Default: none)
[[AvoidDiskWrites]] **AvoidDiskWrites** **0**|**1**::
If non-zero, try to write to disk less frequently than we would otherwise.
This is useful when running on flash memory or other media that support
only a limited number of writes. (Default: 0)
[[BandwidthBurst]] **BandwidthBurst** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
Limit the maximum token bucket size (also known as the burst) to the given
number of bytes in each direction. (Default: 1 GByte)
[[BandwidthRate]] **BandwidthRate** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
A token bucket limits the average incoming bandwidth usage on this node
to the specified number of bytes per second, and the average outgoing
bandwidth usage to that same value. If you want to run a relay in the
public network, this needs to be _at the very least_ 75 KBytes for a
relay (that is, 600 kbits) or 50 KBytes for a bridge (400 kbits) -- but of
course, more is better; we recommend at least 250 KBytes (2 mbits) if
possible. (Default: 1 GByte) +
+
Note that this option, and other bandwidth-limiting options, apply to TCP
data only: They do not count TCP headers or DNS traffic. +
+
Tor uses powers of two, not powers of ten, so 1 GByte is
1024*1024*1024 bytes as opposed to 1 billion bytes. +
+
With this option, and in other options that take arguments in bytes,
KBytes, and so on, other formats are also supported. Notably, "KBytes" can
also be written as "kilobytes" or "kb"; "MBytes" can be written as
"megabytes" or "MB"; "kbits" can be written as "kilobits"; and so forth.
Case doesn't matter.
Tor also accepts "byte" and "bit" in the singular.
The prefixes "tera" and "T" are also recognized.
If no units are given, we default to bytes.
To avoid confusion, we recommend writing "bytes" or "bits" explicitly,
since it's easy to forget that "B" means bytes, not bits.
[[CacheDirectory]] **CacheDirectory** __DIR__::
Store cached directory data in DIR. Can not be changed while tor is
running.
(Default: uses the value of DataDirectory.)
[[CacheDirectoryGroupReadable]] **CacheDirectoryGroupReadable** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
If this option is set to 0, don't allow the filesystem group to read the
CacheDirectory. If the option is set to 1, make the CacheDirectory readable
by the default GID. If the option is "auto", then we use the
setting for DataDirectoryGroupReadable when the CacheDirectory is the
same as the DataDirectory, and 0 otherwise. (Default: auto)
[[CircuitPriorityHalflife]] **CircuitPriorityHalflife** __NUM__::
If this value is set, we override the default algorithm for choosing which
circuit's cell to deliver or relay next. It is delivered first to the
circuit that has the lowest weighted cell count, where cells are weighted
exponentially according to this value (in seconds). If the value is -1, it
is taken from the consensus if possible else it will fallback to the
default value of 30. Minimum: 1, Maximum: 2147483647. This can be defined
as a float value. This is an advanced option; you generally shouldn't have
to mess with it. (Default: -1)
[[ClientTransportPlugin]] **ClientTransportPlugin** __transport__ socks4|socks5 __IP__:__PORT__::
**ClientTransportPlugin** __transport__ exec __path-to-binary__ [options]::
In its first form, when set along with a corresponding Bridge line, the Tor
client forwards its traffic to a SOCKS-speaking proxy on "IP:PORT".
(IPv4 addresses should written as-is; IPv6 addresses should be wrapped in
square brackets.) It's the
duty of that proxy to properly forward the traffic to the bridge. +
+
In its second form, when set along with a corresponding Bridge line, the Tor
client launches the pluggable transport proxy executable in
__path-to-binary__ using __options__ as its command-line options, and
forwards its traffic to it. It's the duty of that proxy to properly forward
the traffic to the bridge. (Default: none)
[[ConnLimit]] **ConnLimit** __NUM__::
The minimum number of file descriptors that must be available to the Tor
process before it will start. Tor will ask the OS for as many file
descriptors as the OS will allow (you can find this by "ulimit -H -n").
If this number is less than ConnLimit, then Tor will refuse to start. +
+
Tor relays need thousands of sockets, to connect to every other relay.
If you are running a private bridge, you can reduce the number of sockets
that Tor uses. For example, to limit Tor to 500 sockets, run
"ulimit -n 500" in a shell. Then start tor in the same shell, with
**ConnLimit 500**. You may also need to set **DisableOOSCheck 0**. +
+
Unless you have severely limited sockets, you probably don't need to
adjust **ConnLimit** itself. It has no effect on Windows, since that
platform lacks getrlimit(). (Default: 1000)
[[ConstrainedSockets]] **ConstrainedSockets** **0**|**1**::
If set, Tor will tell the kernel to attempt to shrink the buffers for all
sockets to the size specified in **ConstrainedSockSize**. This is useful for
virtual servers and other environments where system level TCP buffers may
be limited. If you're on a virtual server, and you encounter the "Error
creating network socket: No buffer space available" message, you are
likely experiencing this problem. +
+
The preferred solution is to have the admin increase the buffer pool for
the host itself via /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_mem or equivalent facility;
this configuration option is a second-resort. +
+
The DirPort option should also not be used if TCP buffers are scarce. The
cached directory requests consume additional sockets which exacerbates
the problem. +
+
You should **not** enable this feature unless you encounter the "no buffer
space available" issue. Reducing the TCP buffers affects window size for
the TCP stream and will reduce throughput in proportion to round trip
time on long paths. (Default: 0)
[[ConstrainedSockSize]] **ConstrainedSockSize** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**::
When **ConstrainedSockets** is enabled the receive and transmit buffers for
all sockets will be set to this limit. Must be a value between 2048 and
262144, in 1024 byte increments. Default of 8192 is recommended.
[[ControlPort]] **ControlPort** ['address'**:**]{empty}__port__|**unix:**__path__|**auto** [__flags__]::
If set, Tor will accept connections on this port and allow those
connections to control the Tor process using the Tor Control Protocol
(described in control-spec.txt in
https://spec.torproject.org[torspec]). Note: unless you also
specify one or more of **HashedControlPassword** or
**CookieAuthentication**, setting this option will cause Tor to allow
any process on the local host to control it. (Setting both authentication
methods means either method is sufficient to authenticate to Tor.) This
option is required for many Tor controllers; most use the value of 9051.
If a unix domain socket is used, you may quote the path using standard
C escape sequences. You can specify this directive multiple times, to
bind to multiple address/port pairs.
Set it to "auto" to have Tor pick a port for you. (Default: 0) +
+
Recognized flags are:
**GroupWritable**;;
Unix domain sockets only: makes the socket get created as
group-writable.
**WorldWritable**;;
Unix domain sockets only: makes the socket get created as
world-writable.
**RelaxDirModeCheck**;;
Unix domain sockets only: Do not insist that the directory
that holds the socket be read-restricted.
[[ControlPortFileGroupReadable]] **ControlPortFileGroupReadable** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 0, don't allow the filesystem group to read the
control port file. If the option is set to 1, make the control port
file readable by the default GID. (Default: 0)
[[ControlPortWriteToFile]] **ControlPortWriteToFile** __Path__::
If set, Tor writes the address and port of any control port it opens to
this address. Usable by controllers to learn the actual control port
when ControlPort is set to "auto".
[[ControlSocket]] **ControlSocket** __Path__::
Like ControlPort, but listens on a Unix domain socket, rather than a TCP
socket. '0' disables ControlSocket. (Unix and Unix-like systems only.)
(Default: 0)
[[ControlSocketsGroupWritable]] **ControlSocketsGroupWritable** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 0, don't allow the filesystem group to read and
write unix sockets (e.g. ControlSocket). If the option is set to 1, make
the control socket readable and writable by the default GID. (Default: 0)
[[CookieAuthentication]] **CookieAuthentication** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 1, allow connections on the control port
when the connecting process knows the contents of a file named
"control_auth_cookie", which Tor will create in its data directory. This
authentication method should only be used on systems with good filesystem
security. (Default: 0)
[[CookieAuthFile]] **CookieAuthFile** __Path__::
If set, this option overrides the default location and file name
for Tor's cookie file. (See CookieAuthentication above.)
[[CookieAuthFileGroupReadable]] **CookieAuthFileGroupReadable** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 0, don't allow the filesystem group to read the
cookie file. If the option is set to 1, make the cookie file readable by
the default GID. [Making the file readable by other groups is not yet
implemented; let us know if you need this for some reason.] (Default: 0)
[[CountPrivateBandwidth]] **CountPrivateBandwidth** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set, then Tor's rate-limiting applies not only to
remote connections, but also to connections to private addresses like
127.0.0.1 or 10.0.0.1. This is mostly useful for debugging
rate-limiting. (Default: 0)
[[DataDirectory]] **DataDirectory** __DIR__::
Store working data in DIR. Can not be changed while tor is running.
(Default: ~/.tor if your home directory is not /; otherwise,
@LOCALSTATEDIR@/lib/tor. On Windows, the default is
your ApplicationData folder.)
[[DataDirectoryGroupReadable]] **DataDirectoryGroupReadable** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 0, don't allow the filesystem group to read the
DataDirectory. If the option is set to 1, make the DataDirectory readable
by the default GID. (Default: 0)
[[DirAuthority]] **DirAuthority** [__nickname__] [**flags**] __ipv4address__:__dirport__ __fingerprint__::
Use a nonstandard authoritative directory server at the provided address
and port, with the specified key fingerprint. This option can be repeated
many times, for multiple authoritative directory servers. Flags are
separated by spaces, and determine what kind of an authority this directory
is. By default, an authority is not authoritative for any directory style
or version unless an appropriate flag is given. +
+
Tor will use this authority as a bridge authoritative directory if the
"bridge" flag is set. If a flag "orport=**orport**" is given, Tor will
use the given port when opening encrypted tunnels to the dirserver. If a
flag "weight=**num**" is given, then the directory server is chosen
randomly with probability proportional to that weight (default 1.0). If a
flag "v3ident=**fp**" is given, the dirserver is a v3 directory authority
whose v3 long-term signing key has the fingerprint **fp**. Lastly,
if an "ipv6=**[**__ipv6address__**]**:__orport__" flag is present, then
the directory authority is listening for IPv6 connections on the
indicated IPv6 address and OR Port. +
+
Tor will contact the authority at __ipv4address__ to
download directory documents. Clients always use the ORPort. Relays
usually use the DirPort, but will use the ORPort in some circumstances.
If an IPv6 ORPort is supplied, clients will also download directory
documents at the IPv6 ORPort, if they are configured to use IPv6. +
+
If no **DirAuthority** line is given, Tor will use the default directory
authorities. NOTE: this option is intended for setting up a private Tor
network with its own directory authorities. If you use it, you will be
distinguishable from other users, because you won't believe the same
authorities they do.
[[DirAuthorityFallbackRate]] **DirAuthorityFallbackRate** __NUM__::
When configured to use both directory authorities and fallback
directories, the directory authorities also work as fallbacks. They are
chosen with their regular weights, multiplied by this number, which
should be 1.0 or less. The default is less than 1, to reduce load on
authorities. (Default: 0.1)
[[DisableAllSwap]] **DisableAllSwap** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, Tor will attempt to lock all current and future memory pages,
so that memory cannot be paged out. Windows, OS X and Solaris are currently
not supported. We believe that this feature works on modern Gnu/Linux
distributions, and that it should work on *BSD systems (untested). This
option requires that you start your Tor as root, and you should use the
**User** option to properly reduce Tor's privileges.
Can not be changed while tor is running. (Default: 0)
[[DisableDebuggerAttachment]] **DisableDebuggerAttachment** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, Tor will attempt to prevent basic debugging attachment attempts
by other processes. This may also keep Tor from generating core files if
it crashes. It has no impact for users who wish to attach if they
have CAP_SYS_PTRACE or if they are root. We believe that this feature
works on modern Gnu/Linux distributions, and that it may also work on *BSD
systems (untested). Some modern Gnu/Linux systems such as Ubuntu have the
kernel.yama.ptrace_scope sysctl and by default enable it as an attempt to
limit the PTRACE scope for all user processes by default. This feature will
attempt to limit the PTRACE scope for Tor specifically - it will not attempt
to alter the system wide ptrace scope as it may not even exist. If you wish
to attach to Tor with a debugger such as gdb or strace you will want to set
this to 0 for the duration of your debugging. Normal users should leave it
on. Disabling this option while Tor is running is prohibited. (Default: 1)
[[DisableNetwork]] **DisableNetwork** **0**|**1**::
When this option is set, we don't listen for or accept any connections
other than controller connections, and we close (and don't reattempt)
any outbound
connections. Controllers sometimes use this option to avoid using
the network until Tor is fully configured. Tor will make still certain
network-related calls (like DNS lookups) as a part of its configuration
process, even if DisableNetwork is set. (Default: 0)
[[ExtendByEd25519ID]] **ExtendByEd25519ID** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
If this option is set to 1, we always try to include a relay's Ed25519 ID
when telling the proceeding relay in a circuit to extend to it.
If this option is set to 0, we never include Ed25519 IDs when extending
circuits. If the option is set to "default", we obey a
parameter in the consensus document. (Default: auto)
[[ExtORPort]] **ExtORPort** ['address'**:**]{empty}__port__|**auto**::
Open this port to listen for Extended ORPort connections from your
pluggable transports. +
(Default: **DataDirectory**/extended_orport_auth_cookie)
[[ExtORPortCookieAuthFile]] **ExtORPortCookieAuthFile** __Path__::
If set, this option overrides the default location and file name
for the Extended ORPort's cookie file -- the cookie file is needed
for pluggable transports to communicate through the Extended ORPort.
[[ExtORPortCookieAuthFileGroupReadable]] **ExtORPortCookieAuthFileGroupReadable** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 0, don't allow the filesystem group to read the
Extended OR Port cookie file. If the option is set to 1, make the cookie
file readable by the default GID. [Making the file readable by other
groups is not yet implemented; let us know if you need this for some
reason.] (Default: 0)
[[FallbackDir]] **FallbackDir** __ipv4address__:__dirport__ orport=__orport__ id=__fingerprint__ [weight=__num__] [ipv6=**[**__ipv6address__**]**:__orport__]::
When tor is unable to connect to any directory cache for directory info
(usually because it doesn't know about any yet) it tries a hard-coded
directory. Relays try one directory authority at a time. Clients try
multiple directory authorities and FallbackDirs, to avoid hangs on
startup if a hard-coded directory is down. Clients wait for a few seconds
between each attempt, and retry FallbackDirs more often than directory
authorities, to reduce the load on the directory authorities. +
+
FallbackDirs should be stable relays with stable IP addresses, ports,
and identity keys. They must have a DirPort. +
+
By default, the directory authorities are also FallbackDirs. Specifying a
FallbackDir replaces Tor's default hard-coded FallbackDirs (if any).
(See the **DirAuthority** entry for an explanation of each flag.)
[[FetchDirInfoEarly]] **FetchDirInfoEarly** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, Tor will always fetch directory information like other
directory caches, even if you don't meet the normal criteria for fetching
early. Normal users should leave it off. (Default: 0)
[[FetchDirInfoExtraEarly]] **FetchDirInfoExtraEarly** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, Tor will fetch directory information before other directory
caches. It will attempt to download directory information closer to the
start of the consensus period. Normal users should leave it off.
(Default: 0)
[[FetchHidServDescriptors]] **FetchHidServDescriptors** **0**|**1**::
If set to 0, Tor will never fetch any hidden service descriptors from the
rendezvous directories. This option is only useful if you're using a Tor
controller that handles hidden service fetches for you. (Default: 1)
[[FetchServerDescriptors]] **FetchServerDescriptors** **0**|**1**::
If set to 0, Tor will never fetch any network status summaries or server
descriptors from the directory servers. This option is only useful if
you're using a Tor controller that handles directory fetches for you.
(Default: 1)
[[FetchUselessDescriptors]] **FetchUselessDescriptors** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, Tor will fetch every consensus flavor, and all server
descriptors and authority certificates referenced by those consensuses,
except for extra info descriptors. When this option is 1, Tor will also
keep fetching descriptors, even when idle.
If set to 0, Tor will avoid fetching useless descriptors: flavors that it
is not using to build circuits, and authority certificates it does not
trust. When Tor hasn't built any application circuits, it will go idle,
and stop fetching descriptors. This option is useful if you're using a
tor client with an external parser that uses a full consensus.
This option fetches all documents except extrainfo descriptors,
**DirCache** fetches and serves all documents except extrainfo
descriptors, **DownloadExtraInfo*** fetches extrainfo documents, and serves
them if **DirCache** is on, and **UseMicrodescriptors** changes the
flavour of consensues and descriptors that is fetched and used for
building circuits. (Default: 0)
[[HardwareAccel]] **HardwareAccel** **0**|**1**::
If non-zero, try to use built-in (static) crypto hardware acceleration when
available. Can not be changed while tor is running. (Default: 0)
[[HashedControlPassword]] **HashedControlPassword** __hashed_password__::
Allow connections on the control port if they present
the password whose one-way hash is __hashed_password__. You
can compute the hash of a password by running "tor --hash-password
__password__". You can provide several acceptable passwords by using more
than one HashedControlPassword line.
[[HTTPProxy]] **HTTPProxy** __host__[:__port__]::
Tor will make all its directory requests through this host:port (or host:80
if port is not specified), rather than connecting directly to any directory
servers. (DEPRECATED: As of 0.3.1.0-alpha you should use HTTPSProxy.)
[[HTTPProxyAuthenticator]] **HTTPProxyAuthenticator** __username:password__::
If defined, Tor will use this username:password for Basic HTTP proxy
authentication, as in RFC 2617. This is currently the only form of HTTP
proxy authentication that Tor supports; feel free to submit a patch if you
want it to support others. (DEPRECATED: As of 0.3.1.0-alpha you should use
HTTPSProxyAuthenticator.)
[[HTTPSProxy]] **HTTPSProxy** __host__[:__port__]::
Tor will make all its OR (SSL) connections through this host:port (or
host:443 if port is not specified), via HTTP CONNECT rather than connecting
directly to servers. You may want to set **FascistFirewall** to restrict
the set of ports you might try to connect to, if your HTTPS proxy only
allows connecting to certain ports.
[[HTTPSProxyAuthenticator]] **HTTPSProxyAuthenticator** __username:password__::
If defined, Tor will use this username:password for Basic HTTPS proxy
authentication, as in RFC 2617. This is currently the only form of HTTPS
proxy authentication that Tor supports; feel free to submit a patch if you
want it to support others.
[[KeepalivePeriod]] **KeepalivePeriod** __NUM__::
To keep firewalls from expiring connections, send a padding keepalive cell
every NUM seconds on open connections that are in use. (Default: 5 minutes)
[[KeepBindCapabilities]] **KeepBindCapabilities** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
On Linux, when we are started as root and we switch our identity using
the **User** option, the **KeepBindCapabilities** option tells us whether to
try to retain our ability to bind to low ports. If this value is 1, we
try to keep the capability; if it is 0 we do not; and if it is **auto**,
we keep the capability only if we are configured to listen on a low port.
Can not be changed while tor is running.
(Default: auto.)
[[Log]] **Log** __minSeverity__[-__maxSeverity__] **stderr**|**stdout**|**syslog**::
Send all messages between __minSeverity__ and __maxSeverity__ to the standard
output stream, the standard error stream, or to the system log. (The
"syslog" value is only supported on Unix.) Recognized severity levels are
debug, info, notice, warn, and err. We advise using "notice" in most cases,
since anything more verbose may provide sensitive information to an
attacker who obtains the logs. If only one severity level is given, all
messages of that level or higher will be sent to the listed destination. +
+
Some low-level logs may be sent from signal handlers, so their destination
logs must be signal-safe. These low-level logs include backtraces,
logging function errors, and errors in code called by logging functions.
Signal-safe logs are always sent to stderr or stdout. They are also sent to
a limited number of log files that are configured to log messages at error
severity from the bug or general domains. They are never sent as syslogs,
android logs, control port log events, or to any API-based log
destinations.
[[Log2]] **Log** __minSeverity__[-__maxSeverity__] **file** __FILENAME__::
As above, but send log messages to the listed filename. The
"Log" option may appear more than once in a configuration file.
Messages are sent to all the logs that match their severity
level.
[[Log3]] **Log** **[**__domain__,...**]**__minSeverity__[-__maxSeverity__] ... **file** __FILENAME__ +
[[Log4]] **Log** **[**__domain__,...**]**__minSeverity__[-__maxSeverity__] ... **stderr**|**stdout**|**syslog**::
As above, but select messages by range of log severity __and__ by a
set of "logging domains". Each logging domain corresponds to an area of
functionality inside Tor. You can specify any number of severity ranges
for a single log statement, each of them prefixed by a comma-separated
list of logging domains. You can prefix a domain with $$~$$ to indicate
negation, and use * to indicate "all domains". If you specify a severity
range without a list of domains, it matches all domains. +
+
This is an advanced feature which is most useful for debugging one or two
of Tor's subsystems at a time. +
+
The currently recognized domains are: general, crypto, net, config, fs,
protocol, mm, http, app, control, circ, rend, bug, dir, dirserv, or, edge,
acct, hist, handshake, heartbeat, channel, sched, guard, consdiff, dos,
process, pt, btrack, and mesg.
Domain names are case-insensitive. +
+
For example, "`Log [handshake]debug [~net,~mm]info notice stdout`" sends
to stdout: all handshake messages of any severity, all info-and-higher
messages from domains other than networking and memory management, and all
messages of severity notice or higher.
[[LogMessageDomains]] **LogMessageDomains** **0**|**1**::
If 1, Tor includes message domains with each log message. Every log
message currently has at least one domain; most currently have exactly
one. This doesn't affect controller log messages. (Default: 0)
[[LogTimeGranularity]] **LogTimeGranularity** __NUM__::
Set the resolution of timestamps in Tor's logs to NUM milliseconds.
NUM must be positive and either a divisor or a multiple of 1 second.
Note that this option only controls the granularity written by Tor to
a file or console log. Tor does not (for example) "batch up" log
messages to affect times logged by a controller, times attached to
syslog messages, or the mtime fields on log files. (Default: 1 second)
[[MaxAdvertisedBandwidth]] **MaxAdvertisedBandwidth** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
If set, we will not advertise more than this amount of bandwidth for our
BandwidthRate. Server operators who want to reduce the number of clients
who ask to build circuits through them (since this is proportional to
advertised bandwidth rate) can thus reduce the CPU demands on their server
without impacting network performance.
[[MaxUnparseableDescSizeToLog]] **MaxUnparseableDescSizeToLog** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**::
Unparseable descriptors (e.g. for votes, consensuses, routers) are logged
in separate files by hash, up to the specified size in total. Note that
only files logged during the lifetime of this Tor process count toward the
total; this is intended to be used to debug problems without opening live
servers to resource exhaustion attacks. (Default: 10 MBytes)
[[NoExec]] **NoExec** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 1, then Tor will never launch another
executable, regardless of the settings of ClientTransportPlugin
or ServerTransportPlugin. Once this option has been set to 1,
it cannot be set back to 0 without restarting Tor. (Default: 0)
[[OutboundBindAddress]] **OutboundBindAddress** __IP__::
Make all outbound connections originate from the IP address specified. This
is only useful when you have multiple network interfaces, and you want all
of Tor's outgoing connections to use a single one. This option may
be used twice, once with an IPv4 address and once with an IPv6 address.
IPv6 addresses should be wrapped in square brackets.
This setting will be ignored for connections to the loopback addresses
(127.0.0.0/8 and ::1), and is not used for DNS requests as well.
[[OutboundBindAddressExit]] **OutboundBindAddressExit** __IP__::
Make all outbound exit connections originate from the IP address
specified. This option overrides **OutboundBindAddress** for the
same IP version. This option may be used twice, once with an IPv4
address and once with an IPv6 address.
IPv6 addresses should be wrapped in square brackets.
This setting will be ignored
for connections to the loopback addresses (127.0.0.0/8 and ::1).
[[OutboundBindAddressOR]] **OutboundBindAddressOR** __IP__::
Make all outbound non-exit (relay and other) connections
originate from the IP address specified. This option overrides
**OutboundBindAddress** for the same IP version. This option may
be used twice, once with an IPv4 address and once with an IPv6
address. IPv6 addresses should be wrapped in square brackets.
This setting will be ignored for connections to the loopback
addresses (127.0.0.0/8 and ::1).
[[PerConnBWBurst]] **PerConnBWBurst** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
If this option is set manually, or via the "perconnbwburst" consensus
field, Tor will use it for separate rate limiting for each connection
from a non-relay. (Default: 0)
[[PerConnBWRate]] **PerConnBWRate** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
If this option is set manually, or via the "perconnbwrate" consensus
field, Tor will use it for separate rate limiting for each connection
from a non-relay. (Default: 0)
[[PidFile]] **PidFile** __FILE__::
On startup, write our PID to FILE. On clean shutdown, remove
FILE. Can not be changed while tor is running.
[[ProtocolWarnings]] **ProtocolWarnings** **0**|**1**::
If 1, Tor will log with severity \'warn' various cases of other parties not
following the Tor specification. Otherwise, they are logged with severity
\'info'. (Default: 0)
[[RelayBandwidthBurst]] **RelayBandwidthBurst** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
If not 0, limit the maximum token bucket size (also known as the burst) for
\_relayed traffic_ to the given number of bytes in each direction.
They do not include directory fetches by the relay (from authority
or other relays), because that is considered "client" activity. (Default: 0)
[[RelayBandwidthRate]] **RelayBandwidthRate** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
If not 0, a separate token bucket limits the average incoming bandwidth
usage for \_relayed traffic_ on this node to the specified number of bytes
per second, and the average outgoing bandwidth usage to that same value.
Relayed traffic currently is calculated to include answers to directory
requests, but that may change in future versions. They do not include directory
fetches by the relay (from authority or other relays), because that is considered
"client" activity. (Default: 0)
[[RunAsDaemon]] **RunAsDaemon** **0**|**1**::
If 1, Tor forks and daemonizes to the background. This option has no effect
on Windows; instead you should use the --service command-line option.
Can not be changed while tor is running.
(Default: 0)
[[SafeLogging]] **SafeLogging** **0**|**1**|**relay**::
Tor can scrub potentially sensitive strings from log messages (e.g.
addresses) by replacing them with the string [scrubbed]. This way logs can
still be useful, but they don't leave behind personally identifying
information about what sites a user might have visited. +
+
If this option is set to 0, Tor will not perform any scrubbing, if it is
set to 1, all potentially sensitive strings are replaced. If it is set to
relay, all log messages generated when acting as a relay are sanitized, but
all messages generated when acting as a client are not.
Note: Tor may not heed this option when logging at log levels below Notice.
(Default: 1)
[[Sandbox]] **Sandbox** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, Tor will run securely through the use of a syscall sandbox.
Otherwise the sandbox will be disabled. The option is currently an
experimental feature. It only works on Linux-based operating systems,
and only when Tor has been built with the libseccomp library. This option
can not be changed while tor is running. +
+
When the **Sandbox** is 1, the following options can not be changed when tor
is running:
**Address**,
**ConnLimit**,
**CookieAuthFile**,
**DirPortFrontPage**,
**ExtORPortCookieAuthFile**,
**Logs**,
**ServerDNSResolvConfFile**,
**ClientOnionAuthDir** (and any files in it won't reload on HUP signal). +
+
Launching new Onion Services through the control port is not supported
with current syscall sandboxing implementation. +
+
Tor must remain in client or server mode (some changes to **ClientOnly**
and **ORPort** are not allowed). Currently, if **Sandbox** is 1,
**ControlPort** command "GETINFO address" will not work. +
+
(Default: 0)
[[Schedulers]] **Schedulers** **KIST**|**KISTLite**|**Vanilla**::
Specify the scheduler type that tor should use. The scheduler is
responsible for moving data around within a Tor process. This is an ordered
list by priority which means that the first value will be tried first and if
unavailable, the second one is tried and so on. It is possible to change
these values at runtime. This option mostly effects relays, and most
operators should leave it set to its default value.
(Default: KIST,KISTLite,Vanilla) +
+
The possible scheduler types are:
+
**KIST**: Kernel-Informed Socket Transport. Tor will use TCP information
from the kernel to make informed decisions regarding how much data to send
and when to send it. KIST also handles traffic in batches (see
KISTSchedRunInterval) in order to improve traffic prioritization decisions.
As implemented, KIST will only work on Linux kernel version 2.6.39 or
higher. +
+
**KISTLite**: Same as KIST but without kernel support. Tor will use all
the same mechanics as with KIST, including the batching, but its decisions
regarding how much data to send will not be as good. KISTLite will work on
all kernels and operating systems, and the majority of the benefits of KIST
are still realized with KISTLite. +
+
**Vanilla**: The scheduler that Tor used before KIST was implemented. It
sends as much data as possible, as soon as possible. Vanilla will work on
all kernels and operating systems.
// Out of order because it logically belongs near the Schedulers option
[[KISTSchedRunInterval]] **KISTSchedRunInterval** __NUM__ **msec**::
If KIST or KISTLite is used in the Schedulers option, this controls at which
interval the scheduler tick is. If the value is 0 msec, the value is taken
from the consensus if possible else it will fallback to the default 10
msec. Maximum possible value is 100 msec. (Default: 0 msec)
// Out of order because it logically belongs near the Schedulers option
[[KISTSockBufSizeFactor]] **KISTSockBufSizeFactor** __NUM__::
If KIST is used in Schedulers, this is a multiplier of the per-socket
limit calculation of the KIST algorithm. (Default: 1.0)
[[ServerTransportListenAddr]] **ServerTransportListenAddr** __transport__ __IP__:__PORT__::
When this option is set, Tor will suggest __IP__:__PORT__ as the
listening address of any pluggable transport proxy that tries to
launch __transport__. (IPv4 addresses should written as-is; IPv6
addresses should be wrapped in square brackets.) (Default: none)
[[ServerTransportOptions]] **ServerTransportOptions** __transport__ __k=v__ __k=v__ ...::
When this option is set, Tor will pass the __k=v__ parameters to
any pluggable transport proxy that tries to launch __transport__. +
(Example: ServerTransportOptions obfs45 shared-secret=bridgepasswd cache=/var/lib/tor/cache) (Default: none)
[[ServerTransportPlugin]] **ServerTransportPlugin** __transport__ exec __path-to-binary__ [options]::
The Tor relay launches the pluggable transport proxy in __path-to-binary__
using __options__ as its command-line options, and expects to receive
proxied client traffic from it. (Default: none)
[[Socks4Proxy]] **Socks4Proxy** __host__[:__port__]::
Tor will make all OR connections through the SOCKS 4 proxy at host:port
(or host:1080 if port is not specified).
[[Socks5Proxy]] **Socks5Proxy** __host__[:__port__]::
Tor will make all OR connections through the SOCKS 5 proxy at host:port
(or host:1080 if port is not specified).
// Out of order because Username logically precedes Password
[[Socks5ProxyUsername]] **Socks5ProxyUsername** __username__ +
[[Socks5ProxyPassword]] **Socks5ProxyPassword** __password__::
If defined, authenticate to the SOCKS 5 server using username and password
in accordance to RFC 1929. Both username and password must be between 1 and
255 characters.
[[SyslogIdentityTag]] **SyslogIdentityTag** __tag__::
When logging to syslog, adds a tag to the syslog identity such that
log entries are marked with "Tor-__tag__". Can not be changed while tor is
running. (Default: none)
[[TCPProxy]] **TCPProxy** __protocol__ __host__:__port__::
Tor will use the given protocol to make all its OR (SSL) connections through
a TCP proxy on host:port, rather than connecting directly to servers. You may
want to set **FascistFirewall** to restrict the set of ports you might try to
connect to, if your proxy only allows connecting to certain ports. There is no
equivalent option for directory connections, because all Tor client versions
that support this option download directory documents via OR connections. +
+
The only protocol supported right now 'haproxy'. This option is only for
clients. (Default: none) +
+
The HAProxy version 1 proxy protocol is described in detail at
https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt +
+
Both source IP address and source port will be set to zero.
[[TruncateLogFile]] **TruncateLogFile** **0**|**1**::
If 1, Tor will overwrite logs at startup and in response to a HUP signal,
instead of appending to them. (Default: 0)
[[UnixSocksGroupWritable]] **UnixSocksGroupWritable** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 0, don't allow the filesystem group to read and
write unix sockets (e.g. SocksPort unix:). If the option is set to 1, make
the Unix socket readable and writable by the default GID. (Default: 0)
[[UseDefaultFallbackDirs]] **UseDefaultFallbackDirs** **0**|**1**::
Use Tor's default hard-coded FallbackDirs (if any). (When a
FallbackDir line is present, it replaces the hard-coded FallbackDirs,
regardless of the value of UseDefaultFallbackDirs.) (Default: 1)
[[User]] **User** __Username__::
On startup, setuid to this user and setgid to their primary group.
Can not be changed while tor is running.
== CLIENT OPTIONS
The following options are useful only for clients (that is, if
**SocksPort**, **HTTPTunnelPort**, **TransPort**, **DNSPort**, or
**NATDPort** is non-zero):
[[Bridge]] **Bridge** [__transport__] __IP__:__ORPort__ [__fingerprint__]::
When set along with UseBridges, instructs Tor to use the relay at
"IP:ORPort" as a "bridge" relaying into the Tor network. If "fingerprint"
is provided (using the same format as for DirAuthority), we will verify that
the relay running at that location has the right fingerprint. We also use
fingerprint to look up the bridge descriptor at the bridge authority, if
it's provided and if UpdateBridgesFromAuthority is set too. +
+
If "transport" is provided, it must match a ClientTransportPlugin line. We
then use that pluggable transport's proxy to transfer data to the bridge,
rather than connecting to the bridge directly. Some transports use a
transport-specific method to work out the remote address to connect to.
These transports typically ignore the "IP:ORPort" specified in the bridge
line. +
+
Tor passes any "key=val" settings to the pluggable transport proxy as
per-connection arguments when connecting to the bridge. Consult
the documentation of the pluggable transport for details of what
arguments it supports.
[[LearnCircuitBuildTimeout]] **LearnCircuitBuildTimeout** **0**|**1**::
If 0, CircuitBuildTimeout adaptive learning is disabled. (Default: 1)
[[CircuitBuildTimeout]] **CircuitBuildTimeout** __NUM__::
Try for at most NUM seconds when building circuits. If the circuit isn't
open in that time, give up on it. If LearnCircuitBuildTimeout is 1, this
value serves as the initial value to use before a timeout is learned. If
LearnCircuitBuildTimeout is 0, this value is the only value used.
(Default: 60 seconds)
[[CircuitsAvailableTimeout]] **CircuitsAvailableTimeout** __NUM__::
Tor will attempt to keep at least one open, unused circuit available for
this amount of time. This option governs how long idle circuits are kept
open, as well as the amount of time Tor will keep a circuit open to each
of the recently used ports. This way when the Tor client is entirely
idle, it can expire all of its circuits, and then expire its TLS
connections. Note that the actual timeout value is uniformly randomized
from the specified value to twice that amount. (Default: 30 minutes;
Max: 24 hours)
[[CircuitStreamTimeout]] **CircuitStreamTimeout** __NUM__::
If non-zero, this option overrides our internal timeout schedule for how
many seconds until we detach a stream from a circuit and try a new circuit.
If your network is particularly slow, you might want to set this to a
number like 60. (Default: 0)
[[ClientOnly]] **ClientOnly** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, Tor will not run as a relay or serve
directory requests, even if the ORPort, ExtORPort, or DirPort options are
set. (This config option is
mostly unnecessary: we added it back when we were considering having
Tor clients auto-promote themselves to being relays if they were stable
and fast enough. The current behavior is simply that Tor is a client
unless ORPort, ExtORPort, or DirPort are configured.) (Default: 0)
[[ConnectionPadding]] **ConnectionPadding** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
This option governs Tor's use of padding to defend against some forms of
traffic analysis. If it is set to 'auto', Tor will send padding only
if both the client and the relay support it. If it is set to 0, Tor will
not send any padding cells. If it is set to 1, Tor will still send padding
for client connections regardless of relay support. Only clients may set
this option. This option should be offered via the UI to mobile users
for use where bandwidth may be expensive.
(Default: auto)
[[ReducedConnectionPadding]] **ReducedConnectionPadding** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, Tor will not not hold OR connections open for very long,
and will send less padding on these connections. Only clients may set
this option. This option should be offered via the UI to mobile users
for use where bandwidth may be expensive. (Default: 0)
[[CircuitPadding]] **CircuitPadding** **0**|**1**::
If set to 0, Tor will not pad client circuits with additional cover
traffic. Only clients may set this option. This option should be offered
via the UI to mobile users for use where bandwidth may be expensive. If
set to 1, padding will be negotiated as per the consensus and relay
support (unlike ConnectionPadding, CircuitPadding cannot be force-enabled).
(Default: 1)
[[ReducedCircuitPadding]] **ReducedCircuitPadding** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, Tor will only use circuit padding algorithms that have low
overhead. Only clients may set this option. This option should be offered
via the UI to mobile users for use where bandwidth may be expensive.
(Default: 0)
[[ExcludeNodes]] **ExcludeNodes** __node__,__node__,__...__::
A list of identity fingerprints, country codes, and address
patterns of nodes to avoid when building a circuit. Country codes are
2-letter ISO3166 codes, and must
be wrapped in braces; fingerprints may be preceded by a dollar sign.
(Example:
ExcludeNodes ABCD1234CDEF5678ABCD1234CDEF5678ABCD1234, \{cc}, 255.254.0.0/8) +
+
By default, this option is treated as a preference that Tor is allowed
to override in order to keep working.
For example, if you try to connect to a hidden service,
but you have excluded all of the hidden service's introduction points,
Tor will connect to one of them anyway. If you do not want this
behavior, set the StrictNodes option (documented below). +
+
Note also that if you are a relay, this (and the other node selection
options below) only affects your own circuits that Tor builds for you.
Clients can still build circuits through you to any node. Controllers
can tell Tor to build circuits through any node. +
+
Country codes are case-insensitive. The code "\{??}" refers to nodes whose
country can't be identified. No country code, including \{??}, works if
no GeoIPFile can be loaded. See also the GeoIPExcludeUnknown option below.
[[ExcludeExitNodes]] **ExcludeExitNodes** __node__,__node__,__...__::
A list of identity fingerprints, country codes, and address
patterns of nodes to never use when picking an exit node---that is, a
node that delivers traffic for you *outside* the Tor network. Note that any
node listed in ExcludeNodes is automatically considered to be part of this
list too. See
the **ExcludeNodes** option for more information on how to specify
nodes. See also the caveats on the "ExitNodes" option below.
[[GeoIPExcludeUnknown]] **GeoIPExcludeUnknown** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
If this option is set to 'auto', then whenever any country code is set in
ExcludeNodes or ExcludeExitNodes, all nodes with unknown country (\{??} and
possibly \{A1}) are treated as excluded as well. If this option is set to
'1', then all unknown countries are treated as excluded in ExcludeNodes
and ExcludeExitNodes. This option has no effect when a GeoIP file isn't
configured or can't be found. (Default: auto)
[[ExitNodes]] **ExitNodes** __node__,__node__,__...__::
A list of identity fingerprints, country codes, and address
patterns of nodes to use as exit node---that is, a
node that delivers traffic for you *outside* the Tor network. See
the **ExcludeNodes** option for more information on how to specify nodes. +
+
Note that if you list too few nodes here, or if you exclude too many exit
nodes with ExcludeExitNodes, you can degrade functionality. For example,
if none of the exits you list allows traffic on port 80 or 443, you won't
be able to browse the web. +
+
Note also that not every circuit is used to deliver traffic *outside* of
the Tor network. It is normal to see non-exit circuits (such as those
used to connect to hidden services, those that do directory fetches,
those used for relay reachability self-tests, and so on) that end
at a non-exit node. To
keep a node from being used entirely, see ExcludeNodes and StrictNodes. +
+
The ExcludeNodes option overrides this option: any node listed in both
ExitNodes and ExcludeNodes is treated as excluded. +
+
The .exit address notation, if enabled via MapAddress, overrides
this option.
[[MiddleNodes]] **MiddleNodes** __node__,__node__,__...__::
A list of identity fingerprints and country codes of nodes
to use for "middle" hops in your normal circuits.
Normal circuits include all circuits except for direct connections
to directory servers. Middle hops are all hops other than exit and entry. +
+
This is an **experimental** feature that is meant to be used by researchers
and developers to test new features in the Tor network safely. Using it
without care will strongly influence your anonymity. This feature might get
removed in the future.
+
The HSLayer2Node and HSLayer3Node options override this option for onion
service circuits, if they are set. The vanguards addon will read this
option, and if set, it will set HSLayer2Nodes and HSLayer3Nodes to nodes
from this set.
+
The ExcludeNodes option overrides this option: any node listed in both
MiddleNodes and ExcludeNodes is treated as excluded. See
the **ExcludeNodes** option for more information on how to specify nodes.
[[EntryNodes]] **EntryNodes** __node__,__node__,__...__::
A list of identity fingerprints and country codes of nodes
to use for the first hop in your normal circuits.
Normal circuits include all
circuits except for direct connections to directory servers. The Bridge
option overrides this option; if you have configured bridges and
UseBridges is 1, the Bridges are used as your entry nodes. +
+
The ExcludeNodes option overrides this option: any node listed in both
EntryNodes and ExcludeNodes is treated as excluded. See
the **ExcludeNodes** option for more information on how to specify nodes.
[[StrictNodes]] **StrictNodes** **0**|**1**::
If StrictNodes is set to 1, Tor will treat solely the ExcludeNodes option
as a requirement to follow for all the circuits you generate, even if
doing so will break functionality for you (StrictNodes does not apply to
ExcludeExitNodes, ExitNodes, MiddleNodes, or MapAddress). If StrictNodes
is set to 0, Tor will still try to avoid nodes in the ExcludeNodes list,
but it will err on the side of avoiding unexpected errors.
Specifically, StrictNodes 0 tells Tor that it is okay to use an excluded
node when it is *necessary* to perform relay reachability self-tests,
connect to a hidden service, provide a hidden service to a client,
fulfill a .exit request, upload directory information, or download
directory information. (Default: 0)
[[FascistFirewall]] **FascistFirewall** **0**|**1**::
If 1, Tor will only create outgoing connections to ORs running on ports
that your firewall allows (defaults to 80 and 443; see **FirewallPorts**).
This will allow you to run Tor as a client behind a firewall with
restrictive policies, but will not allow you to run as a server behind such
a firewall. If you prefer more fine-grained control, use
ReachableAddresses instead.
[[FirewallPorts]] **FirewallPorts** __PORTS__::
A list of ports that your firewall allows you to connect to. Only used when
**FascistFirewall** is set. This option is deprecated; use ReachableAddresses
instead. (Default: 80, 443)
[[ReachableAddresses]] **ReachableAddresses** __IP__[/__MASK__][:__PORT__]...::
A comma-separated list of IP addresses and ports that your firewall allows
you to connect to. The format is as for the addresses in ExitPolicy, except
that "accept" is understood unless "reject" is explicitly provided. For
example, \'ReachableAddresses 99.0.0.0/8, reject 18.0.0.0/8:80, accept
\*:80' means that your firewall allows connections to everything inside net
99, rejects port 80 connections to net 18, and accepts connections to port
80 otherwise. (Default: \'accept \*:*'.)
[[ReachableDirAddresses]] **ReachableDirAddresses** __IP__[/__MASK__][:__PORT__]...::
Like **ReachableAddresses**, a list of addresses and ports. Tor will obey
these restrictions when fetching directory information, using standard HTTP
GET requests. If not set explicitly then the value of
**ReachableAddresses** is used. If **HTTPProxy** is set then these
connections will go through that proxy. (DEPRECATED: This option has
had no effect for some time.)
[[ReachableORAddresses]] **ReachableORAddresses** __IP__[/__MASK__][:__PORT__]...::
Like **ReachableAddresses**, a list of addresses and ports. Tor will obey
these restrictions when connecting to Onion Routers, using TLS/SSL. If not
set explicitly then the value of **ReachableAddresses** is used. If
**HTTPSProxy** is set then these connections will go through that proxy. +
+
The separation between **ReachableORAddresses** and
**ReachableDirAddresses** is only interesting when you are connecting
through proxies (see **HTTPProxy** and **HTTPSProxy**). Most proxies limit
TLS connections (which Tor uses to connect to Onion Routers) to port 443,
and some limit HTTP GET requests (which Tor uses for fetching directory
information) to port 80.
[[HidServAuth]] **HidServAuth** __onion-address__ __auth-cookie__ [__service-name__]::
Client authorization for a v2 hidden service. Valid onion addresses contain 16
characters in a-z2-7 plus ".onion", and valid auth cookies contain 22
characters in A-Za-z0-9+/. The service name is only used for internal
purposes, e.g., for Tor controllers. This option may be used multiple times
for different hidden services. If a hidden service uses authorization and
this option is not set, the hidden service is not accessible. Hidden
services can be configured to require authorization using the
**HiddenServiceAuthorizeClient** option.
[[ClientOnionAuthDir]] **ClientOnionAuthDir** __path__::
Path to the directory containing v3 hidden service authorization files.
Each file is for a single onion address, and the files MUST have the suffix
".auth_private" (i.e. "bob_onion.auth_private"). The content format MUST be:
+
<onion-address>:descriptor:x25519:<base32-encoded-privkey>
+
The <onion-address> MUST NOT have the ".onion" suffix. The
<base32-encoded-privkey> is the base32 representation of the raw key bytes
only (32 bytes for x25519). See Appendix G in the rend-spec-v3.txt file of
https://spec.torproject.org/[torspec] for more information.
[[LongLivedPorts]] **LongLivedPorts** __PORTS__::
A list of ports for services that tend to have long-running connections
(e.g. chat and interactive shells). Circuits for streams that use these
ports will contain only high-uptime nodes, to reduce the chance that a node
will go down before the stream is finished. Note that the list is also
honored for circuits (both client and service side) involving hidden
services whose virtual port is in this list. (Default: 21, 22, 706,
1863, 5050, 5190, 5222, 5223, 6523, 6667, 6697, 8300)
[[MapAddress]] **MapAddress** __address__ __newaddress__::
When a request for address arrives to Tor, it will transform to newaddress
before processing it. For example, if you always want connections to
www.example.com to exit via __torserver__ (where __torserver__ is the
fingerprint of the server), use "MapAddress www.example.com
www.example.com.torserver.exit". If the value is prefixed with a
"\*.", matches an entire domain. For example, if you
always want connections to example.com and any if its subdomains
to exit via
__torserver__ (where __torserver__ is the fingerprint of the server), use
"MapAddress \*.example.com \*.example.com.torserver.exit". (Note the
leading "*." in each part of the directive.) You can also redirect all
subdomains of a domain to a single address. For example, "MapAddress
*.example.com www.example.com". If the specified exit is not available,
or the exit can not connect to the site, Tor will fail any connections
to the mapped address.+
+
NOTES:
1. When evaluating MapAddress expressions Tor stops when it hits the most
recently added expression that matches the requested address. So if you
have the following in your torrc, www.torproject.org will map to
198.51.100.1:
MapAddress www.torproject.org 192.0.2.1
MapAddress www.torproject.org 198.51.100.1
2. Tor evaluates the MapAddress configuration until it finds no matches. So
if you have the following in your torrc, www.torproject.org will map to
203.0.113.1:
MapAddress 198.51.100.1 203.0.113.1
MapAddress www.torproject.org 198.51.100.1
3. The following MapAddress expression is invalid (and will be
ignored) because you cannot map from a specific address to a wildcard
address:
MapAddress www.torproject.org *.torproject.org.torserver.exit
4. Using a wildcard to match only part of a string (as in *ample.com) is
also invalid.
5. Tor maps hostnames and IP addresses separately. If you MapAddress
a DNS name, but use an IP address to connect, then Tor will ignore the
DNS name mapping.
6. MapAddress does not apply to redirects in the application protocol.
For example, HTTP redirects and alt-svc headers will ignore mappings
for the original address. You can use a wildcard mapping to handle
redirects within the same site.
[[NewCircuitPeriod]] **NewCircuitPeriod** __NUM__::
Every NUM seconds consider whether to build a new circuit. (Default: 30
seconds)
[[MaxCircuitDirtiness]] **MaxCircuitDirtiness** __NUM__::
Feel free to reuse a circuit that was first used at most NUM seconds ago,
but never attach a new stream to a circuit that is too old. For hidden
services, this applies to the __last__ time a circuit was used, not the
first. Circuits with streams constructed with SOCKS authentication via
SocksPorts that have **KeepAliveIsolateSOCKSAuth** also remain alive
for MaxCircuitDirtiness seconds after carrying the last such stream.
(Default: 10 minutes)
[[MaxClientCircuitsPending]] **MaxClientCircuitsPending** __NUM__::
Do not allow more than NUM circuits to be pending at a time for handling
client streams. A circuit is pending if we have begun constructing it,
but it has not yet been completely constructed. (Default: 32)
[[NodeFamily]] **NodeFamily** __node__,__node__,__...__::
The Tor servers, defined by their identity fingerprints,
constitute a "family" of similar or co-administered servers, so never use
any two of them in the same circuit. Defining a NodeFamily is only needed
when a server doesn't list the family itself (with MyFamily). This option
can be used multiple times; each instance defines a separate family. In
addition to nodes, you can also list IP address and ranges and country
codes in {curly braces}. See the **ExcludeNodes** option for more
information on how to specify nodes.
[[EnforceDistinctSubnets]] **EnforceDistinctSubnets** **0**|**1**::
If 1, Tor will not put two servers whose IP addresses are "too close" on
the same circuit. Currently, two addresses are "too close" if they lie in
the same /16 range. (Default: 1)
[[SocksPort]] **SocksPort** ['address'**:**]{empty}__port__|**unix:**__path__|**auto** [_flags_] [_isolation flags_]::
Open this port to listen for connections from SOCKS-speaking
applications. Set this to 0 if you don't want to allow application
connections via SOCKS. Set it to "auto" to have Tor pick a port for
you. This directive can be specified multiple times to bind
to multiple addresses/ports. If a unix domain socket is used, you may
quote the path using standard C escape sequences.
(Default: 9050) +
+
NOTE: Although this option allows you to specify an IP address
other than localhost, you should do so only with extreme caution.
The SOCKS protocol is unencrypted and (as we use it)
unauthenticated, so exposing it in this way could leak your
information to anybody watching your network, and allow anybody
to use your computer as an open proxy. +
+
If multiple entries of this option are present in your configuration
file, Tor will perform stream isolation between listeners by default.
The _isolation flags_ arguments give Tor rules for which streams
received on this SocksPort are allowed to share circuits with one
another. Recognized isolation flags are:
**IsolateClientAddr**;;
Don't share circuits with streams from a different
client address. (On by default and strongly recommended when
supported; you can disable it with **NoIsolateClientAddr**.
Unsupported and force-disabled when using Unix domain sockets.)
**IsolateSOCKSAuth**;;
Don't share circuits with streams for which different
SOCKS authentication was provided. (For HTTPTunnelPort
connections, this option looks at the Proxy-Authorization and
X-Tor-Stream-Isolation headers. On by default;
you can disable it with **NoIsolateSOCKSAuth**.)
**IsolateClientProtocol**;;
Don't share circuits with streams using a different protocol.
(SOCKS 4, SOCKS 5, TransPort connections, NATDPort connections,
and DNSPort requests are all considered to be different protocols.)
**IsolateDestPort**;;
Don't share circuits with streams targeting a different
destination port.
**IsolateDestAddr**;;
Don't share circuits with streams targeting a different
destination address.
**KeepAliveIsolateSOCKSAuth**;;
If **IsolateSOCKSAuth** is enabled, keep alive circuits while they have
at least one stream with SOCKS authentication active. After such a circuit
is idle for more than MaxCircuitDirtiness seconds, it can be closed.
**SessionGroup=**__INT__;;
If no other isolation rules would prevent it, allow streams
on this port to share circuits with streams from every other
port with the same session group. (By default, streams received
on different SocksPorts, TransPorts, etc are always isolated from one
another. This option overrides that behavior.)
// Anchor only for formatting, not visible in the man page.
[[OtherSocksPortFlags]]::
Other recognized __flags__ for a SocksPort are:
**NoIPv4Traffic**;;
Tell exits to not connect to IPv4 addresses in response to SOCKS
requests on this connection.
**IPv6Traffic**;;
Tell exits to allow IPv6 addresses in response to SOCKS requests on
this connection, so long as SOCKS5 is in use. (SOCKS4 can't handle
IPv6.)
**PreferIPv6**;;
Tells exits that, if a host has both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address,
we would prefer to connect to it via IPv6. (IPv4 is the default.)
**NoDNSRequest**;;
Do not ask exits to resolve DNS addresses in SOCKS5 requests. Tor will
connect to IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addresses (if IPv6Traffic is set) and
.onion addresses.
**NoOnionTraffic**;;
Do not connect to .onion addresses in SOCKS5 requests.
**OnionTrafficOnly**;;
Tell the tor client to only connect to .onion addresses in response to
SOCKS5 requests on this connection. This is equivalent to NoDNSRequest,
NoIPv4Traffic, NoIPv6Traffic. The corresponding NoOnionTrafficOnly
flag is not supported.
**CacheIPv4DNS**;;
Tells the client to remember IPv4 DNS answers we receive from exit
nodes via this connection.
**CacheIPv6DNS**;;
Tells the client to remember IPv6 DNS answers we receive from exit
nodes via this connection.
**GroupWritable**;;
Unix domain sockets only: makes the socket get created as
group-writable.
**WorldWritable**;;
Unix domain sockets only: makes the socket get created as
world-writable.
**CacheDNS**;;
Tells the client to remember all DNS answers we receive from exit
nodes via this connection.
**UseIPv4Cache**;;
Tells the client to use any cached IPv4 DNS answers we have when making
requests via this connection. (NOTE: This option, or UseIPv6Cache
or UseDNSCache, can harm your anonymity, and probably
won't help performance as much as you might expect. Use with care!)
**UseIPv6Cache**;;
Tells the client to use any cached IPv6 DNS answers we have when making
requests via this connection.
**UseDNSCache**;;
Tells the client to use any cached DNS answers we have when making
requests via this connection.
**PreferIPv6Automap**;;
When serving a hostname lookup request on this port that
should get automapped (according to AutomapHostsOnResolve),
if we could return either an IPv4 or an IPv6 answer, prefer
an IPv6 answer. (On by default.)
**PreferSOCKSNoAuth**;;
Ordinarily, when an application offers both "username/password
authentication" and "no authentication" to Tor via SOCKS5, Tor
selects username/password authentication so that IsolateSOCKSAuth can
work. This can confuse some applications, if they offer a
username/password combination then get confused when asked for
one. You can disable this behavior, so that Tor will select "No
authentication" when IsolateSOCKSAuth is disabled, or when this
option is set.
**ExtendedErrors**;;
Return extended error code in the SOCKS reply. So far, the possible
errors are:
X'F0' Onion Service Descriptor Can Not be Found
The requested onion service descriptor can't be found on the
hashring and thus not reachable by the client. (v3 only)
X'F1' Onion Service Descriptor Is Invalid
The requested onion service descriptor can't be parsed or
signature validation failed. (v3 only)
X'F2' Onion Service Introduction Failed
Client failed to introduce to the service meaning the descriptor
was found but the service is not connected anymore to the
introduction point. The service has likely changed its descriptor
or is not running. (v3 only)
X'F3' Onion Service Rendezvous Failed
Client failed to rendezvous with the service which means that the
client is unable to finalize the connection. (v3 only)
X'F4' Onion Service Missing Client Authorization
Client was able to download the requested onion service descriptor
but is unable to decrypt its content because it is missing client
authorization information. (v3 only)
X'F5' Onion Service Wrong Client Authorization
Client was able to download the requested onion service descriptor
but is unable to decrypt its content using the client
authorization information it has. This means the client access
were revoked. (v3 only)
X'F6' Onion Service Invalid Address
The given .onion address is invalid. In one of these cases this
error is returned: address checksum doesn't match, ed25519 public
key is invalid or the encoding is invalid. (v3 only)
// Anchor only for formatting, not visible in the man page.
[[SocksPortFlagsMisc]]::
Flags are processed left to right. If flags conflict, the last flag on the
line is used, and all earlier flags are ignored. No error is issued for
conflicting flags.
[[SocksPolicy]] **SocksPolicy** __policy__,__policy__,__...__::
Set an entrance policy for this server, to limit who can connect to the
SocksPort and DNSPort ports. The policies have the same form as exit
policies below, except that port specifiers are ignored. Any address
not matched by some entry in the policy is accepted.
[[SocksTimeout]] **SocksTimeout** __NUM__::
Let a socks connection wait NUM seconds handshaking, and NUM seconds
unattached waiting for an appropriate circuit, before we fail it. (Default:
2 minutes)
[[TokenBucketRefillInterval]] **TokenBucketRefillInterval** __NUM__ [**msec**|**second**]::
Set the refill delay interval of Tor's token bucket to NUM milliseconds.
NUM must be between 1 and 1000, inclusive. When Tor is out of bandwidth,
on a connection or globally, it will wait up to this long before it tries
to use that connection again.
Note that bandwidth limits are still expressed in bytes per second: this
option only affects the frequency with which Tor checks to see whether
previously exhausted connections may read again.
Can not be changed while tor is running. (Default: 100 msec)
[[TrackHostExits]] **TrackHostExits** __host__,__.domain__,__...__::
For each value in the comma separated list, Tor will track recent
connections to hosts that match this value and attempt to reuse the same
exit node for each. If the value is prepended with a \'.\', it is treated as
matching an entire domain. If one of the values is just a \'.', it means
match everything. This option is useful if you frequently connect to sites
that will expire all your authentication cookies (i.e. log you out) if
your IP address changes. Note that this option does have the disadvantage
of making it more clear that a given history is associated with a single
user. However, most people who would wish to observe this will observe it
through cookies or other protocol-specific means anyhow.
[[TrackHostExitsExpire]] **TrackHostExitsExpire** __NUM__::
Since exit servers go up and down, it is desirable to expire the
association between host and exit server after NUM seconds. The default is
1800 seconds (30 minutes).
[[UpdateBridgesFromAuthority]] **UpdateBridgesFromAuthority** **0**|**1**::
When set (along with UseBridges), Tor will try to fetch bridge descriptors
from the configured bridge authorities when feasible. It will fall back to
a direct request if the authority responds with a 404. (Default: 0)
[[UseBridges]] **UseBridges** **0**|**1**::
When set, Tor will fetch descriptors for each bridge listed in the "Bridge"
config lines, and use these relays as both entry guards and directory
guards. (Default: 0)
[[UseEntryGuards]] **UseEntryGuards** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 1, we pick a few long-term entry servers, and try
to stick with them. This is desirable because constantly changing servers
increases the odds that an adversary who owns some servers will observe a
fraction of your paths. Entry Guards can not be used by Directory
Authorities or Single Onion Services. In these cases,
this option is ignored. (Default: 1)
[[GuardfractionFile]] **GuardfractionFile** __FILENAME__::
V3 authoritative directories only. Configures the location of the
guardfraction file which contains information about how long relays
have been guards. (Default: unset)
[[UseGuardFraction]] **UseGuardFraction** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
This option specifies whether clients should use the
guardfraction information found in the consensus during path
selection. If it's set to 'auto', clients will do what the
UseGuardFraction consensus parameter tells them to do. (Default: auto)
[[NumEntryGuards]] **NumEntryGuards** __NUM__::
If UseEntryGuards is set to 1, we will try to pick a total of NUM routers
as long-term entries for our circuits. If NUM is 0, we try to learn the
number from the guard-n-primary-guards-to-use consensus parameter, and
default to 1 if the consensus parameter isn't set. (Default: 0)
[[NumPrimaryGuards]] **NumPrimaryGuards** __NUM__::
If UseEntryGuards is set to 1, we will try to pick NUM routers for our
primary guard list, which is the set of routers we strongly prefer when
connecting to the Tor network. If NUM is 0, we try to learn the number from
the guard-n-primary-guards consensus parameter, and default to 3 if the
consensus parameter isn't set. (Default: 0)
[[NumDirectoryGuards]] **NumDirectoryGuards** __NUM__::
If UseEntryGuards is set to 1, we try to make sure we have at least NUM
routers to use as directory guards. If this option is set to 0, use the
value from the guard-n-primary-dir-guards-to-use consensus parameter, and
default to 3 if the consensus parameter isn't set. (Default: 0)
[[GuardLifetime]] **GuardLifetime** __N__ **days**|**weeks**|**months**::
If UseEntryGuards is set, minimum time to keep a guard on our guard list
before picking a new one. If less than one day, we use defaults from the
consensus directory. (Default: 0)
[[SafeSocks]] **SafeSocks** **0**|**1**::
When this option is enabled, Tor will reject application connections that
use unsafe variants of the socks protocol -- ones that only provide an IP
address, meaning the application is doing a DNS resolve first.
Specifically, these are socks4 and socks5 when not doing remote DNS.
(Default: 0)
[[TestSocks]] **TestSocks** **0**|**1**::
When this option is enabled, Tor will make a notice-level log entry for
each connection to the Socks port indicating whether the request used a
safe socks protocol or an unsafe one (see above entry on SafeSocks). This
helps to determine whether an application using Tor is possibly leaking
DNS requests. (Default: 0)
[[VirtualAddrNetworkIPv4]] **VirtualAddrNetworkIPv4** __IPv4Address__/__bits__ +
[[VirtualAddrNetworkIPv6]] **VirtualAddrNetworkIPv6** [__IPv6Address__]/__bits__::
When Tor needs to assign a virtual (unused) address because of a MAPADDRESS
command from the controller or the AutomapHostsOnResolve feature, Tor
picks an unassigned address from this range. (Defaults:
127.192.0.0/10 and [FE80::]/10 respectively.) +
+
When providing proxy server service to a network of computers using a tool
like dns-proxy-tor, change the IPv4 network to "10.192.0.0/10" or
"172.16.0.0/12" and change the IPv6 network to "[FC00::]/7".
The default **VirtualAddrNetwork** address ranges on a
properly configured machine will route to the loopback or link-local
interface. The maximum number of bits for the network prefix is set to 104
for IPv6 and 16 for IPv4. However, a wider network - smaller prefix length
- is preferable since it reduces the chances for an attacker to guess the
used IP. For local use, no change to the default VirtualAddrNetwork setting
is needed.
[[AllowNonRFC953Hostnames]] **AllowNonRFC953Hostnames** **0**|**1**::
When this option is disabled, Tor blocks hostnames containing illegal
characters (like @ and :) rather than sending them to an exit node to be
resolved. This helps trap accidental attempts to resolve URLs and so on.
(Default: 0)
[[HTTPTunnelPort]] **HTTPTunnelPort** ['address'**:**]{empty}__port__|**auto** [_isolation flags_]::
Open this port to listen for proxy connections using the "HTTP CONNECT"
protocol instead of SOCKS. Set this to
0 if you don't want to allow "HTTP CONNECT" connections. Set the port
to "auto" to have Tor pick a port for you. This directive can be
specified multiple times to bind to multiple addresses/ports. If multiple
entries of this option are present in your configuration file, Tor will
perform stream isolation between listeners by default. See
SOCKSPort for an explanation of isolation flags. (Default: 0)
[[TransPort]] **TransPort** ['address'**:**]{empty}__port__|**auto** [_isolation flags_]::
Open this port to listen for transparent proxy connections. Set this to
0 if you don't want to allow transparent proxy connections. Set the port
to "auto" to have Tor pick a port for you. This directive can be
specified multiple times to bind to multiple addresses/ports. If multiple
entries of this option are present in your configuration file, Tor will
perform stream isolation between listeners by default. See
SOCKSPort for an explanation of isolation flags. +
+
TransPort requires OS support for transparent proxies, such as BSDs' pf or
Linux's IPTables. If you're planning to use Tor as a transparent proxy for
a network, you'll want to examine and change VirtualAddrNetwork from the
default setting. (Default: 0)
[[TransProxyType]] **TransProxyType** **default**|**TPROXY**|**ipfw**|**pf-divert**::
TransProxyType may only be enabled when there is transparent proxy listener
enabled. +
+
Set this to "TPROXY" if you wish to be able to use the TPROXY Linux module
to transparently proxy connections that are configured using the TransPort
option. Detailed information on how to configure the TPROXY
feature can be found in the Linux kernel source tree in the file
Documentation/networking/tproxy.txt. +
+
Set this option to "ipfw" to use the FreeBSD ipfw interface. +
+
On *BSD operating systems when using pf, set this to "pf-divert" to take
advantage of +divert-to+ rules, which do not modify the packets like
+rdr-to+ rules do. Detailed information on how to configure pf to use
+divert-to+ rules can be found in the pf.conf(5) manual page. On OpenBSD,
+divert-to+ is available to use on versions greater than or equal to
OpenBSD 4.4. +
+
Set this to "default", or leave it unconfigured, to use regular IPTables
on Linux, or to use pf +rdr-to+ rules on *BSD systems. +
+
(Default: "default")
[[NATDPort]] **NATDPort** ['address'**:**]{empty}__port__|**auto** [_isolation flags_]::
Open this port to listen for connections from old versions of ipfw (as
included in old versions of FreeBSD, etc) using the NATD protocol.
Use 0 if you don't want to allow NATD connections. Set the port
to "auto" to have Tor pick a port for you. This directive can be
specified multiple times to bind to multiple addresses/ports. If multiple
entries of this option are present in your configuration file, Tor will
perform stream isolation between listeners by default. See
SocksPort for an explanation of isolation flags. +
+
This option is only for people who cannot use TransPort. (Default: 0)
[[AutomapHostsOnResolve]] **AutomapHostsOnResolve** **0**|**1**::
When this option is enabled, and we get a request to resolve an address
that ends with one of the suffixes in **AutomapHostsSuffixes**, we map an
unused virtual address to that address, and return the new virtual address.
This is handy for making ".onion" addresses work with applications that
resolve an address and then connect to it. (Default: 0)
[[AutomapHostsSuffixes]] **AutomapHostsSuffixes** __SUFFIX__,__SUFFIX__,__...__::
A comma-separated list of suffixes to use with **AutomapHostsOnResolve**.
The "." suffix is equivalent to "all addresses." (Default: .exit,.onion).
[[DNSPort]] **DNSPort** ['address'**:**]{empty}__port__|**auto** [_isolation flags_]::
If non-zero, open this port to listen for UDP DNS requests, and resolve
them anonymously. This port only handles A, AAAA, and PTR requests---it
doesn't handle arbitrary DNS request types. Set the port to "auto" to
have Tor pick a port for
you. This directive can be specified multiple times to bind to multiple
addresses/ports. See SocksPort for an explanation of isolation
flags. (Default: 0)
[[ClientDNSRejectInternalAddresses]] **ClientDNSRejectInternalAddresses** **0**|**1**::
If true, Tor does not believe any anonymously retrieved DNS answer that
tells it that an address resolves to an internal address (like 127.0.0.1 or
192.168.0.1). This option prevents certain browser-based attacks; it
is not allowed to be set on the default network. (Default: 1)
[[ClientRejectInternalAddresses]] **ClientRejectInternalAddresses** **0**|**1**::
If true, Tor does not try to fulfill requests to connect to an internal
address (like 127.0.0.1 or 192.168.0.1) __unless an exit node is
specifically requested__ (for example, via a .exit hostname, or a
controller request). If true, multicast DNS hostnames for machines on the
local network (of the form *.local) are also rejected. (Default: 1)
[[DownloadExtraInfo]] **DownloadExtraInfo** **0**|**1**::
If true, Tor downloads and caches "extra-info" documents. These documents
contain information about servers other than the information in their
regular server descriptors. Tor does not use this information for anything
itself; to save bandwidth, leave this option turned off. (Default: 0)
[[WarnPlaintextPorts]] **WarnPlaintextPorts** __port__,__port__,__...__::
Tells Tor to issue a warnings whenever the user tries to make an anonymous
connection to one of these ports. This option is designed to alert users
to services that risk sending passwords in the clear. (Default:
23,109,110,143)
[[RejectPlaintextPorts]] **RejectPlaintextPorts** __port__,__port__,__...__::
Like WarnPlaintextPorts, but instead of warning about risky port uses, Tor
will instead refuse to make the connection. (Default: None)
[[OptimisticData]] **OptimisticData** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
When this option is set, and Tor is using an exit node that supports
the feature, it will try optimistically to send data to the exit node
without waiting for the exit node to report whether the connection
succeeded. This can save a round-trip time for protocols like HTTP
where the client talks first. If OptimisticData is set to **auto**,
Tor will look at the UseOptimisticData parameter in the networkstatus.
(Default: auto)
[[HSLayer2Nodes]] **HSLayer2Nodes** __node__,__node__,__...__::
A list of identity fingerprints, nicknames, country codes, and
address patterns of nodes that are allowed to be used as the
second hop in all client or service-side Onion Service circuits.
This option mitigates attacks where the adversary runs middle nodes
and induces your client or service to create many circuits, in order
to discover your primary guard node.
(Default: Any node in the network may be used in the second hop.)
+
(Example:
HSLayer2Nodes ABCD1234CDEF5678ABCD1234CDEF5678ABCD1234, \{cc}, 255.254.0.0/8) +
+
When this is set, the resulting hidden service paths will
look like:
+
C - G - L2 - M - Rend +
C - G - L2 - M - HSDir +
C - G - L2 - M - Intro +
S - G - L2 - M - Rend +
S - G - L2 - M - HSDir +
S - G - L2 - M - Intro +
+
where C is this client, S is the service, G is the Guard node,
L2 is a node from this option, and M is a random middle node.
Rend, HSDir, and Intro point selection is not affected by this
option.
+
This option may be combined with HSLayer3Nodes to create
paths of the form:
+
C - G - L2 - L3 - Rend +
C - G - L2 - L3 - M - HSDir +
C - G - L2 - L3 - M - Intro +
S - G - L2 - L3 - M - Rend +
S - G - L2 - L3 - HSDir +
S - G - L2 - L3 - Intro +
+
ExcludeNodes have higher priority than HSLayer2Nodes,
which means that nodes specified in ExcludeNodes will not be
picked.
+
When either this option or HSLayer3Nodes are set, the /16 subnet
and node family restrictions are removed for hidden service
circuits. Additionally, we allow the guard node to be present
as the Rend, HSDir, and IP node, and as the hop before it. This
is done to prevent the adversary from inferring information
about our guard, layer2, and layer3 node choices at later points
in the path.
+
This option is meant to be managed by a Tor controller such as
https://github.com/mikeperry-tor/vanguards that selects and
updates this set of nodes for you. Hence it does not do load
balancing if fewer than 20 nodes are selected, and if no nodes in
HSLayer2Nodes are currently available for use, Tor will not work.
Please use extreme care if you are setting this option manually.
[[HSLayer3Nodes]] **HSLayer3Nodes** __node__,__node__,__...__::
A list of identity fingerprints, nicknames, country codes, and
address patterns of nodes that are allowed to be used as the
third hop in all client and service-side Onion Service circuits.
This option mitigates attacks where the adversary runs middle nodes
and induces your client or service to create many circuits, in order
to discover your primary or Layer2 guard nodes.
(Default: Any node in the network may be used in the third hop.)
+
(Example:
HSLayer3Nodes ABCD1234CDEF5678ABCD1234CDEF5678ABCD1234, \{cc}, 255.254.0.0/8) +
+
When this is set by itself, the resulting hidden service paths
will look like: +
C - G - M - L3 - Rend +
C - G - M - L3 - M - HSDir +
C - G - M - L3 - M - Intro +
S - G - M - L3 - M - Rend +
S - G - M - L3 - HSDir +
S - G - M - L3 - Intro +
where C is this client, S is the service, G is the Guard node,
L2 is a node from this option, and M is a random middle node.
Rend, HSDir, and Intro point selection is not affected by this
option.
+
While it is possible to use this option by itself, it should be
combined with HSLayer2Nodes to create paths of the form:
+
C - G - L2 - L3 - Rend +
C - G - L2 - L3 - M - HSDir +
C - G - L2 - L3 - M - Intro +
S - G - L2 - L3 - M - Rend +
S - G - L2 - L3 - HSDir +
S - G - L2 - L3 - Intro +
+
ExcludeNodes have higher priority than HSLayer3Nodes,
which means that nodes specified in ExcludeNodes will not be
picked.
+
When either this option or HSLayer2Nodes are set, the /16 subnet
and node family restrictions are removed for hidden service
circuits. Additionally, we allow the guard node to be present
as the Rend, HSDir, and IP node, and as the hop before it. This
is done to prevent the adversary from inferring information
about our guard, layer2, and layer3 node choices at later points
in the path.
+
This option is meant to be managed by a Tor controller such as
https://github.com/mikeperry-tor/vanguards that selects and
updates this set of nodes for you. Hence it does not do load
balancing if fewer than 20 nodes are selected, and if no nodes in
HSLayer3Nodes are currently available for use, Tor will not work.
Please use extreme care if you are setting this option manually.
[[UseMicrodescriptors]] **UseMicrodescriptors** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
Microdescriptors are a smaller version of the information that Tor needs
in order to build its circuits. Using microdescriptors makes Tor clients
download less directory information, thus saving bandwidth. Directory
caches need to fetch regular descriptors and microdescriptors, so this
option doesn't save any bandwidth for them. For legacy reasons, auto is
accepted, but it has the same effect as 1. (Default: auto)
[[PathBiasCircThreshold]] **PathBiasCircThreshold** __NUM__ +
[[PathBiasNoticeRate]] **PathBiasNoticeRate** __NUM__ +
[[PathBiasWarnRate]] **PathBiasWarnRate** __NUM__ +
[[PathBiasExtremeRate]] **PathBiasExtremeRate** __NUM__ +
[[PathBiasDropGuards]] **PathBiasDropGuards** __NUM__ +
[[PathBiasScaleThreshold]] **PathBiasScaleThreshold** __NUM__::
These options override the default behavior of Tor's (**currently
experimental**) path bias detection algorithm. To try to find broken or
misbehaving guard nodes, Tor looks for nodes where more than a certain
fraction of circuits through that guard fail to get built. +
+
The PathBiasCircThreshold option controls how many circuits we need to build
through a guard before we make these checks. The PathBiasNoticeRate,
PathBiasWarnRate and PathBiasExtremeRate options control what fraction of
circuits must succeed through a guard so we won't write log messages.
If less than PathBiasExtremeRate circuits succeed *and* PathBiasDropGuards
is set to 1, we disable use of that guard. +
+
When we have seen more than PathBiasScaleThreshold
circuits through a guard, we scale our observations by 0.5 (governed by
the consensus) so that new observations don't get swamped by old ones. +
+
By default, or if a negative value is provided for one of these options,
Tor uses reasonable defaults from the networkstatus consensus document.
If no defaults are available there, these options default to 150, .70,
.50, .30, 0, and 300 respectively.
[[PathBiasUseThreshold]] **PathBiasUseThreshold** __NUM__ +
[[PathBiasNoticeUseRate]] **PathBiasNoticeUseRate** __NUM__ +
[[PathBiasExtremeUseRate]] **PathBiasExtremeUseRate** __NUM__ +
[[PathBiasScaleUseThreshold]] **PathBiasScaleUseThreshold** __NUM__::
Similar to the above options, these options override the default behavior
of Tor's (**currently experimental**) path use bias detection algorithm. +
+
Where as the path bias parameters govern thresholds for successfully
building circuits, these four path use bias parameters govern thresholds
only for circuit usage. Circuits which receive no stream usage
are not counted by this detection algorithm. A used circuit is considered
successful if it is capable of carrying streams or otherwise receiving
well-formed responses to RELAY cells. +
+
By default, or if a negative value is provided for one of these options,
Tor uses reasonable defaults from the networkstatus consensus document.
If no defaults are available there, these options default to 20, .80,
.60, and 100, respectively.
[[ClientUseIPv4]] **ClientUseIPv4** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 0, Tor will avoid connecting to directory servers
and entry nodes over IPv4. Note that clients with an IPv4
address in a **Bridge**, proxy, or pluggable transport line will try
connecting over IPv4 even if **ClientUseIPv4** is set to 0. (Default: 1)
[[ClientUseIPv6]] **ClientUseIPv6** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 1, Tor might connect to directory servers or
entry nodes over IPv6. For IPv6 only hosts, you need to also set
**ClientUseIPv4** to 0 to disable IPv4. Note that clients configured with
an IPv6 address in a **Bridge**, proxy, or pluggable transportline will
try connecting over IPv6 even if **ClientUseIPv6** is set to 0. (Default: 0)
[[ClientPreferIPv6DirPort]] **ClientPreferIPv6DirPort** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
If this option is set to 1, Tor prefers a directory port with an IPv6
address over one with IPv4, for direct connections, if a given directory
server has both. (Tor also prefers an IPv6 DirPort if IPv4Client is set to
0.) If this option is set to auto, clients prefer IPv4. Other things may
influence the choice. This option breaks a tie to the favor of IPv6.
(Default: auto) (DEPRECATED: This option has had no effect for some
time.)
[[ClientPreferIPv6ORPort]] **ClientPreferIPv6ORPort** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
If this option is set to 1, Tor prefers an OR port with an IPv6
address over one with IPv4 if a given entry node has both. (Tor also
prefers an IPv6 ORPort if IPv4Client is set to 0.) If this option is set
to auto, Tor bridge clients prefer the configured bridge address, and
other clients prefer IPv4. Other things may influence the choice. This
option breaks a tie to the favor of IPv6. (Default: auto)
[[ClientAutoIPv6ORPort]] **ClientAutoIPv6ORPort** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 1, Tor clients randomly prefer a node's IPv4 or
IPv6 ORPort. The random preference is set every time a node is loaded
from a new consensus or bridge config. When this option is set to 1,
**ClientPreferIPv6ORPort** is ignored. (Default: 0)
[[PathsNeededToBuildCircuits]] **PathsNeededToBuildCircuits** __NUM__::
Tor clients don't build circuits for user traffic until they know
about enough of the network so that they could potentially construct
enough of the possible paths through the network. If this option
is set to a fraction between 0.25 and 0.95, Tor won't build circuits
until it has enough descriptors or microdescriptors to construct
that fraction of possible paths. Note that setting this option too low
can make your Tor client less anonymous, and setting it too high can
prevent your Tor client from bootstrapping. If this option is negative,
Tor will use a default value chosen by the directory authorities. If the
directory authorities do not choose a value, Tor will default to 0.6.
(Default: -1)
[[ClientBootstrapConsensusAuthorityDownloadInitialDelay]] **ClientBootstrapConsensusAuthorityDownloadInitialDelay** __N__::
Initial delay in seconds for when clients should download consensuses from authorities
if they are bootstrapping (that is, they don't have a usable, reasonably
live consensus). Only used by clients fetching from a list of fallback
directory mirrors. This schedule is advanced by (potentially concurrent)
connection attempts, unlike other schedules, which are advanced by
connection failures. (Default: 6)
[[ClientBootstrapConsensusFallbackDownloadInitialDelay]] **ClientBootstrapConsensusFallbackDownloadInitialDelay** __N__::
Initial delay in seconds for when clients should download consensuses from fallback
directory mirrors if they are bootstrapping (that is, they don't have a
usable, reasonably live consensus). Only used by clients fetching from a
list of fallback directory mirrors. This schedule is advanced by
(potentially concurrent) connection attempts, unlike other schedules,
which are advanced by connection failures. (Default: 0)
[[ClientBootstrapConsensusAuthorityOnlyDownloadInitialDelay]] **ClientBootstrapConsensusAuthorityOnlyDownloadInitialDelay** __N__::
Initial delay in seconds for when clients should download consensuses from authorities
if they are bootstrapping (that is, they don't have a usable, reasonably
live consensus). Only used by clients which don't have or won't fetch
from a list of fallback directory mirrors. This schedule is advanced by
(potentially concurrent) connection attempts, unlike other schedules,
which are advanced by connection failures. (Default: 0)
[[ClientBootstrapConsensusMaxInProgressTries]] **ClientBootstrapConsensusMaxInProgressTries** __NUM__::
Try this many simultaneous connections to download a consensus before
waiting for one to complete, timeout, or error out. (Default: 3)
[[DormantClientTimeout]] **DormantClientTimeout** __N__ **minutes**|**hours**|**days**|**weeks**::
If Tor spends this much time without any client activity,
enter a dormant state where automatic circuits are not built, and
directory information is not fetched.
Does not affect servers or onion services. Must be at least 10 minutes.
(Default: 24 hours)
[[DormantTimeoutDisabledByIdleStreams]] **DormantTimeoutDisabledByIdleStreams** **0**|**1**::
If true, then any open client stream (even one not reading or writing)
counts as client activity for the purpose of DormantClientTimeout.
If false, then only network activity counts. (Default: 1)
[[DormantOnFirstStartup]] **DormantOnFirstStartup** **0**|**1**::
If true, then the first time Tor starts up with a fresh DataDirectory,
it starts in dormant mode, and takes no actions until the user has made
a request. (This mode is recommended if installing a Tor client for a
user who might not actually use it.) If false, Tor bootstraps the first
time it is started, whether it sees a user request or not.
+
After the first time Tor starts, it begins in dormant mode if it was
dormant before, and not otherwise. (Default: 0)
[[DormantCanceledByStartup]] **DormantCanceledByStartup** **0**|**1**::
By default, Tor starts in active mode if it was active the last time
it was shut down, and in dormant mode if it was dormant. But if
this option is true, Tor treats every startup event as user
activity, and Tor will never start in Dormant mode, even if it has
been unused for a long time on previous runs. (Default: 0)
+
Note: Packagers and application developers should change the value of
this option only with great caution: it has the potential to
create spurious traffic on the network. This option should only
be used if Tor is started by an affirmative user activity (like
clicking on an applcation or running a command), and not if Tor
is launched for some other reason (for example, by a startup
process, or by an application that launches itself on every login.)
== SERVER OPTIONS
The following options are useful only for servers (that is, if ORPort
is non-zero):
[[Address]] **Address** __address__::
The IPv4 address of this server, or a fully qualified domain name of
this server that resolves to an IPv4 address. You can leave this
unset, and Tor will try to guess your IPv4 address. This IPv4
address is the one used to tell clients and other servers where to
find your Tor server; it doesn't affect the address that your server
binds to. To bind to a different address, use the ORPort and
OutboundBindAddress options.
[[AssumeReachable]] **AssumeReachable** **0**|**1**::
This option is used when bootstrapping a new Tor network. If set to 1,
don't do self-reachability testing; just upload your server descriptor
immediately. If **AuthoritativeDirectory** is also set, this option
instructs the dirserver to bypass remote reachability testing too and list
all connected servers as running.
[[BridgeRelay]] **BridgeRelay** **0**|**1**::
Sets the relay to act as a "bridge" with respect to relaying connections
from bridge users to the Tor network. It mainly causes Tor to publish a
server descriptor to the bridge database, rather than
to the public directory authorities. +
+
Note: make sure that no MyFamily lines are present in your torrc when
relay is configured in bridge mode.
[[BridgeDistribution]] **BridgeDistribution** __string__::
If set along with BridgeRelay, Tor will include a new line in its
bridge descriptor which indicates to the BridgeDB service how it
would like its bridge address to be given out. Set it to "none" if
you want BridgeDB to avoid distributing your bridge address, or "any" to
let BridgeDB decide. (Default: any)
[[ContactInfo]] **ContactInfo** __email_address__::
Administrative contact information for this relay or bridge. This line
can be used to contact you if your relay or bridge is misconfigured or
something else goes wrong. Note that we archive and publish all
descriptors containing these lines and that Google indexes them, so
spammers might also collect them. You may want to obscure the fact
that it's an email address and/or generate a new address for this
purpose. +
+
ContactInfo **must** be set to a working address if you run more than one
relay or bridge. (Really, everybody running a relay or bridge should set
it.)
[[ExitRelay]] **ExitRelay** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
Tells Tor whether to run as an exit relay. If Tor is running as a
non-bridge server, and ExitRelay is set to 1, then Tor allows traffic to
exit according to the ExitPolicy option, the ReducedExitPolicy option,
or the default ExitPolicy (if no other exit policy option is specified). +
+
If ExitRelay is set to 0, no traffic is allowed to exit, and the
ExitPolicy, ReducedExitPolicy, and IPv6Exit options are ignored. +
+
If ExitRelay is set to "auto", then Tor checks the ExitPolicy,
ReducedExitPolicy, and IPv6Exit options. If at least one of these options
is set, Tor behaves as if ExitRelay were set to 1. If none of these exit
policy options are set, Tor behaves as if ExitRelay were set to 0.
(Default: auto)
[[ExitPolicy]] **ExitPolicy** __policy__,__policy__,__...__::
Set an exit policy for this server. Each policy is of the form
"**accept[6]**|**reject[6]** __ADDR__[/__MASK__][:__PORT__]". If /__MASK__ is
omitted then this policy just applies to the host given. Instead of giving
a host or network you can also use "\*" to denote the universe (0.0.0.0/0
and ::/0), or \*4 to denote all IPv4 addresses, and \*6 to denote all IPv6
addresses.
__PORT__ can be a single port number, an interval of ports
"__FROM_PORT__-__TO_PORT__", or "\*". If __PORT__ is omitted, that means
"\*". +
+
For example, "accept 18.7.22.69:\*,reject 18.0.0.0/8:\*,accept \*:\*" would
reject any IPv4 traffic destined for MIT except for web.mit.edu, and accept
any other IPv4 or IPv6 traffic. +
+
Tor also allows IPv6 exit policy entries. For instance, "reject6 [FC00::]/7:\*"
rejects all destinations that share 7 most significant bit prefix with
address FC00::. Respectively, "accept6 [C000::]/3:\*" accepts all destinations
that share 3 most significant bit prefix with address C000::. +
+
accept6 and reject6 only produce IPv6 exit policy entries. Using an IPv4
address with accept6 or reject6 is ignored and generates a warning.
accept/reject allows either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses. Use \*4 as an IPv4
wildcard address, and \*6 as an IPv6 wildcard address. accept/reject *
expands to matching IPv4 and IPv6 wildcard address rules. +
+
To specify all IPv4 and IPv6 internal and link-local networks (including
0.0.0.0/8, 169.254.0.0/16, 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 10.0.0.0/8,
172.16.0.0/12, [::]/8, [FC00::]/7, [FE80::]/10, [FEC0::]/10, [FF00::]/8,
and [::]/127), you can use the "private" alias instead of an address.
("private" always produces rules for IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, even when
used with accept6/reject6.) +
+
Private addresses are rejected by default (at the beginning of your exit
policy), along with any configured primary public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
These private addresses are rejected unless you set the
ExitPolicyRejectPrivate config option to 0. For example, once you've done
that, you could allow HTTP to 127.0.0.1 and block all other connections to
internal networks with "accept 127.0.0.1:80,reject private:\*", though that
may also allow connections to your own computer that are addressed to its
public (external) IP address. See RFC 1918 and RFC 3330 for more details
about internal and reserved IP address space. See
ExitPolicyRejectLocalInterfaces if you want to block every address on the
relay, even those that aren't advertised in the descriptor. +
+
This directive can be specified multiple times so you don't have to put it
all on one line. +
+
Policies are considered first to last, and the first match wins. If you
want to allow the same ports on IPv4 and IPv6, write your rules using
accept/reject \*. If you want to allow different ports on IPv4 and IPv6,
write your IPv6 rules using accept6/reject6 \*6, and your IPv4 rules using
accept/reject \*4. If you want to \_replace_ the default exit policy, end
your exit policy with either a reject \*:* or an accept \*:*. Otherwise,
you're \_augmenting_ (prepending to) the default exit policy. +
+
If you want to use a reduced exit policy rather than the default exit
policy, set "ReducedExitPolicy 1". If you want to _replace_ the default
exit policy with your custom exit policy, end your exit policy with either
a reject *:* or an accept *:*. Otherwise, you're _augmenting_ (prepending
to) the default or reduced exit policy. +
+
The default exit policy is:
reject *:25
reject *:119
reject *:135-139
reject *:445
reject *:563
reject *:1214
reject *:4661-4666
reject *:6346-6429
reject *:6699
reject *:6881-6999
accept *:*
// Anchor only for formatting, not visible in the man page.
[[ExitPolicyDefault]]::
Since the default exit policy uses accept/reject *, it applies to both
IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
[[ExitPolicyRejectPrivate]] **ExitPolicyRejectPrivate** **0**|**1**::
Reject all private (local) networks, along with the relay's advertised
public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, at the beginning of your exit policy.
See above entry on ExitPolicy.
(Default: 1)
[[ExitPolicyRejectLocalInterfaces]] **ExitPolicyRejectLocalInterfaces** **0**|**1**::
Reject all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses that the relay knows about, at the
beginning of your exit policy. This includes any OutboundBindAddress, the
bind addresses of any port options, such as ControlPort or DNSPort, and any
public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on any interface on the relay. (If IPv6Exit
is not set, all IPv6 addresses will be rejected anyway.)
See above entry on ExitPolicy.
This option is off by default, because it lists all public relay IP
addresses in the ExitPolicy, even those relay operators might prefer not
to disclose.
(Default: 0)
[[ReducedExitPolicy]] **ReducedExitPolicy** **0**|**1**::
If set, use a reduced exit policy rather than the default one. +
+
The reduced exit policy is an alternative to the default exit policy. It
allows as many Internet services as possible while still blocking the
majority of TCP ports. Currently, the policy allows approximately 65 ports.
This reduces the odds that your node will be used for peer-to-peer
applications. +
+
The reduced exit policy is:
accept *:20-21
accept *:22
accept *:23
accept *:43
accept *:53
accept *:79
accept *:80-81
accept *:88
accept *:110
accept *:143
accept *:194
accept *:220
accept *:389
accept *:443
accept *:464
accept *:465
accept *:531
accept *:543-544
accept *:554
accept *:563
accept *:587
accept *:636
accept *:706
accept *:749
accept *:873
accept *:902-904
accept *:981
accept *:989-990
accept *:991
accept *:992
accept *:993
accept *:994
accept *:995
accept *:1194
accept *:1220
accept *:1293
accept *:1500
accept *:1533
accept *:1677
accept *:1723
accept *:1755
accept *:1863
accept *:2082
accept *:2083
accept *:2086-2087
accept *:2095-2096
accept *:2102-2104
accept *:3128
accept *:3389
accept *:3690
accept *:4321
accept *:4643
accept *:5050
accept *:5190
accept *:5222-5223
accept *:5228
accept *:5900
accept *:6660-6669
accept *:6679
accept *:6697
accept *:8000
accept *:8008
accept *:8074
accept *:8080
accept *:8082
accept *:8087-8088
accept *:8232-8233
accept *:8332-8333
accept *:8443
accept *:8888
accept *:9418
accept *:9999
accept *:10000
accept *:11371
accept *:19294
accept *:19638
accept *:50002
accept *:64738
reject *:*
(Default: 0)
[[IPv6Exit]] **IPv6Exit** **0**|**1**::
If set, and we are an exit node, allow clients to use us for IPv6 traffic.
When this option is set and ExitRelay is auto, we act as if ExitRelay
is 1. (Default: 0)
[[MaxOnionQueueDelay]] **MaxOnionQueueDelay** __NUM__ [**msec**|**second**]::
If we have more onionskins queued for processing than we can process in
this amount of time, reject new ones. (Default: 1750 msec)
[[MyFamily]] **MyFamily** __fingerprint__,__fingerprint__,...::
Declare that this Tor relay is controlled or administered by a group or
organization identical or similar to that of the other relays, defined by
their (possibly $-prefixed) identity fingerprints.
This option can be repeated many times, for
convenience in defining large families: all fingerprints in all MyFamily
lines are merged into one list.
When two relays both declare that they are in the
same \'family', Tor clients will not use them in the same circuit. (Each
relay only needs to list the other servers in its family; it doesn't need to
list itself, but it won't hurt if it does.) Do not list any bridge relay as it would
compromise its concealment. +
+
When listing a node, it's better to list it by fingerprint than by
nickname: fingerprints are more reliable. +
+
If you run more than one relay, the MyFamily option on each relay
**must** list all other relays, as described above. +
+
Note: do not use MyFamily when configuring your Tor instance as a
brigde.
[[Nickname]] **Nickname** __name__::
Set the server's nickname to \'name'. Nicknames must be between 1 and 19
characters inclusive, and must contain only the characters [a-zA-Z0-9].
If not set, **Unnamed** will be used. Relays can always be uniquely identified
by their identity fingerprints.
[[NumCPUs]] **NumCPUs** __num__::
How many processes to use at once for decrypting onionskins and other
parallelizable operations. If this is set to 0, Tor will try to detect
how many CPUs you have, defaulting to 1 if it can't tell. (Default: 0)
[[ORPort]] **ORPort** ['address'**:**]{empty}__PORT__|**auto** [_flags_]::
Advertise this port to listen for connections from Tor clients and
servers. This option is required to be a Tor server.
Set it to "auto" to have Tor pick a port for you. Set it to 0 to not
run an ORPort at all. This option can occur more than once. (Default: 0) +
+
Tor recognizes these flags on each ORPort:
**NoAdvertise**;;
By default, we bind to a port and tell our users about it. If
NoAdvertise is specified, we don't advertise, but listen anyway. This
can be useful if the port everybody will be connecting to (for
example, one that's opened on our firewall) is somewhere else.
**NoListen**;;
By default, we bind to a port and tell our users about it. If
NoListen is specified, we don't bind, but advertise anyway. This
can be useful if something else (for example, a firewall's port
forwarding configuration) is causing connections to reach us.
**IPv4Only**;;
If the address is absent, or resolves to both an IPv4 and an IPv6
address, only listen to the IPv4 address.
**IPv6Only**;;
If the address is absent, or resolves to both an IPv4 and an IPv6
address, only listen to the IPv6 address.
// Anchor only for formatting, not visible in the man page.
[[ORPortFlagsExclusive]]::
For obvious reasons, NoAdvertise and NoListen are mutually exclusive, and
IPv4Only and IPv6Only are mutually exclusive.
[[PublishServerDescriptor]] **PublishServerDescriptor** **0**|**1**|**v3**|**bridge**,**...**::
This option specifies which descriptors Tor will publish when acting as
a relay. You can
choose multiple arguments, separated by commas. +
+
If this option is set to 0, Tor will not publish its
descriptors to any directories. (This is useful if you're testing
out your server, or if you're using a Tor controller that handles
directory publishing for you.) Otherwise, Tor will publish its
descriptors of all type(s) specified. The default is "1", which
means "if running as a relay or bridge, publish descriptors to the
appropriate authorities". Other possibilities are "v3", meaning
"publish as if you're a relay", and "bridge", meaning "publish as
if you're a bridge".
[[ShutdownWaitLength]] **ShutdownWaitLength** __NUM__::
When we get a SIGINT and we're a server, we begin shutting down:
we close listeners and start refusing new circuits. After **NUM**
seconds, we exit. If we get a second SIGINT, we exit immediately.
(Default: 30 seconds)
[[SSLKeyLifetime]] **SSLKeyLifetime** __N__ **minutes**|**hours**|**days**|**weeks**::
When creating a link certificate for our outermost SSL handshake,
set its lifetime to this amount of time. If set to 0, Tor will choose
some reasonable random defaults. (Default: 0)
[[HeartbeatPeriod]] **HeartbeatPeriod** __N__ **minutes**|**hours**|**days**|**weeks**::
Log a heartbeat message every **HeartbeatPeriod** seconds. This is
a log level __notice__ message, designed to let you know your Tor
server is still alive and doing useful things. Settings this
to 0 will disable the heartbeat. Otherwise, it must be at least 30
minutes. (Default: 6 hours)
[[MainloopStats]] **MainloopStats** **0**|**1**::
Log main loop statistics every **HeartbeatPeriod** seconds. This is a log
level __notice__ message designed to help developers instrumenting Tor's
main event loop. (Default: 0)
[[AccountingMax]] **AccountingMax** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
Limits the max number of bytes sent and received within a set time period
using a given calculation rule (see: AccountingStart, AccountingRule).
Useful if you need to stay under a specific bandwidth. By default, the
number used for calculation is the max of either the bytes sent or
received. For example, with AccountingMax set to 1 TByte, a server
could send 900 GBytes and receive 800 GBytes and continue running.
It will only hibernate once one of the two reaches 1 TByte. This can
be changed to use the sum of the both bytes received and sent by setting
the AccountingRule option to "sum" (total bandwidth in/out). When the
number of bytes remaining gets low, Tor will stop accepting new connections
and circuits. When the number of bytes is exhausted, Tor will hibernate
until some time in the next accounting period. To prevent all servers
from waking at the same time, Tor will also wait until a random point
in each period before waking up. If you have bandwidth cost issues,
enabling hibernation is preferable to setting a low bandwidth, since
it provides users with a collection of fast servers that are up some
of the time, which is more useful than a set of slow servers that are
always "available". +
+
Note that (as also described in the Bandwidth section) Tor uses
powers of two, not powers of ten: 1 GByte is 1024*1024*1024, not
one billion. Be careful: some internet service providers might count
GBytes differently.
[[AccountingRule]] **AccountingRule** **sum**|**max**|**in**|**out**::
How we determine when our AccountingMax has been reached (when we
should hibernate) during a time interval. Set to "max" to calculate
using the higher of either the sent or received bytes (this is the
default functionality). Set to "sum" to calculate using the sent
plus received bytes. Set to "in" to calculate using only the
received bytes. Set to "out" to calculate using only the sent bytes.
(Default: max)
[[AccountingStart]] **AccountingStart** **day**|**week**|**month** [__day__] __HH:MM__::
Specify how long accounting periods last. If **month** is given,
each accounting period runs from the time __HH:MM__ on the __dayth__ day of one
month to the same day and time of the next. The relay will go at full speed,
use all the quota you specify, then hibernate for the rest of the period. (The
day must be between 1 and 28.) If **week** is given, each accounting period
runs from the time __HH:MM__ of the __dayth__ day of one week to the same day
and time of the next week, with Monday as day 1 and Sunday as day 7. If **day**
is given, each accounting period runs from the time __HH:MM__ each day to the
same time on the next day. All times are local, and given in 24-hour time.
(Default: "month 1 0:00")
[[RefuseUnknownExits]] **RefuseUnknownExits** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
Prevent nodes that don't appear in the consensus from exiting using this
relay. If the option is 1, we always block exit attempts from such
nodes; if it's 0, we never do, and if the option is "auto", then we do
whatever the authorities suggest in the consensus (and block if the consensus
is quiet on the issue). (Default: auto)
[[ServerDNSResolvConfFile]] **ServerDNSResolvConfFile** __filename__::
Overrides the default DNS configuration with the configuration in
__filename__. The file format is the same as the standard Unix
"**resolv.conf**" file (7). This option, like all other ServerDNS options,
only affects name lookups that your server does on behalf of clients.
(Defaults to use the system DNS configuration or a localhost DNS service
in case no nameservers are found in a given configuration.)
[[ServerDNSAllowBrokenConfig]] **ServerDNSAllowBrokenConfig** **0**|**1**::
If this option is false, Tor exits immediately if there are problems
parsing the system DNS configuration or connecting to nameservers.
Otherwise, Tor continues to periodically retry the system nameservers until
it eventually succeeds. (Default: 1)
[[ServerDNSSearchDomains]] **ServerDNSSearchDomains** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, then we will search for addresses in the local search domain.
For example, if this system is configured to believe it is in
"example.com", and a client tries to connect to "www", the client will be
connected to "www.example.com". This option only affects name lookups that
your server does on behalf of clients. (Default: 0)
[[ServerDNSDetectHijacking]] **ServerDNSDetectHijacking** **0**|**1**::
When this option is set to 1, we will test periodically to determine
whether our local nameservers have been configured to hijack failing DNS
requests (usually to an advertising site). If they are, we will attempt to
correct this. This option only affects name lookups that your server does
on behalf of clients. (Default: 1)
[[ServerDNSTestAddresses]] **ServerDNSTestAddresses** __hostname__,__hostname__,__...__::
When we're detecting DNS hijacking, make sure that these __valid__ addresses
aren't getting redirected. If they are, then our DNS is completely useless,
and we'll reset our exit policy to "reject \*:*". This option only affects
name lookups that your server does on behalf of clients. (Default:
"www.google.com, www.mit.edu, www.yahoo.com, www.slashdot.org")
[[ServerDNSAllowNonRFC953Hostnames]] **ServerDNSAllowNonRFC953Hostnames** **0**|**1**::
When this option is disabled, Tor does not try to resolve hostnames
containing illegal characters (like @ and :) rather than sending them to an
exit node to be resolved. This helps trap accidental attempts to resolve
URLs and so on. This option only affects name lookups that your server does
on behalf of clients. (Default: 0)
[[BridgeRecordUsageByCountry]] **BridgeRecordUsageByCountry** **0**|**1**::
When this option is enabled and BridgeRelay is also enabled, and we have
GeoIP data, Tor keeps a per-country count of how many client
addresses have contacted it so that it can help the bridge authority guess
which countries have blocked access to it. If ExtraInfoStatistics is
enabled, it will be published as part of extra-info document. (Default: 1)
[[ServerDNSRandomizeCase]] **ServerDNSRandomizeCase** **0**|**1**::
When this option is set, Tor sets the case of each character randomly in
outgoing DNS requests, and makes sure that the case matches in DNS replies.
This so-called "0x20 hack" helps resist some types of DNS poisoning attack.
For more information, see "Increased DNS Forgery Resistance through
0x20-Bit Encoding". This option only affects name lookups that your server
does on behalf of clients. (Default: 1)
[[GeoIPFile]] **GeoIPFile** __filename__::
A filename containing IPv4 GeoIP data, for use with by-country statistics.
[[GeoIPv6File]] **GeoIPv6File** __filename__::
A filename containing IPv6 GeoIP data, for use with by-country statistics.
[[CellStatistics]] **CellStatistics** **0**|**1**::
Relays only.
When this option is enabled, Tor collects statistics about cell
processing (i.e. mean time a cell is spending in a queue, mean
number of cells in a queue and mean number of processed cells per
circuit) and writes them into disk every 24 hours. Onion router
operators may use the statistics for performance monitoring.
If ExtraInfoStatistics is enabled, it will published as part of
extra-info document. (Default: 0)
[[PaddingStatistics]] **PaddingStatistics** **0**|**1**::
Relays and bridges only.
When this option is enabled, Tor collects statistics for padding cells
sent and received by this relay, in addition to total cell counts.
These statistics are rounded, and omitted if traffic is low. This
information is important for load balancing decisions related to padding.
If ExtraInfoStatistics is enabled, it will be published
as a part of extra-info document. (Default: 1)
[[DirReqStatistics]] **DirReqStatistics** **0**|**1**::
Relays and bridges only.
When this option is enabled, a Tor directory writes statistics on the
number and response time of network status requests to disk every 24
hours. Enables relay and bridge operators to monitor how much their
server is being used by clients to learn about Tor network.
If ExtraInfoStatistics is enabled, it will published as part of
extra-info document. (Default: 1)
[[EntryStatistics]] **EntryStatistics** **0**|**1**::
Relays only.
When this option is enabled, Tor writes statistics on the number of
directly connecting clients to disk every 24 hours. Enables relay
operators to monitor how much inbound traffic that originates from
Tor clients passes through their server to go further down the
Tor network. If ExtraInfoStatistics is enabled, it will be published
as part of extra-info document. (Default: 0)
[[ExitPortStatistics]] **ExitPortStatistics** **0**|**1**::
Exit relays only.
When this option is enabled, Tor writes statistics on the number of
relayed bytes and opened stream per exit port to disk every 24 hours.
Enables exit relay operators to measure and monitor amounts of traffic
that leaves Tor network through their exit node. If ExtraInfoStatistics
is enabled, it will be published as part of extra-info document.
(Default: 0)
[[ConnDirectionStatistics]] **ConnDirectionStatistics** **0**|**1**::
Relays only.
When this option is enabled, Tor writes statistics on the amounts of
traffic it passes between itself and other relays to disk every 24
hours. Enables relay operators to monitor how much their relay is
being used as middle node in the circuit. If ExtraInfoStatistics is
enabled, it will be published as part of extra-info document.
(Default: 0)
[[HiddenServiceStatistics]] **HiddenServiceStatistics** **0**|**1**::
Relays only.
When this option is enabled, a Tor relay writes obfuscated
statistics on its role as hidden-service directory, introduction
point, or rendezvous point to disk every 24 hours. If
ExtraInfoStatistics is also enabled, these statistics are further
published to the directory authorities. (Default: 1)
[[ExtraInfoStatistics]] **ExtraInfoStatistics** **0**|**1**::
When this option is enabled, Tor includes previously gathered statistics in
its extra-info documents that it uploads to the directory authorities.
Disabling this option also removes bandwidth usage statistics, and
GeoIPFile and GeoIPv6File hashes from the extra-info file. Bridge
ServerTransportPlugin lines are always includes in the extra-info file,
because they are required by BridgeDB.
(Default: 1)
[[ExtendAllowPrivateAddresses]] **ExtendAllowPrivateAddresses** **0**|**1**::
When this option is enabled, Tor will connect to relays on localhost,
RFC1918 addresses, and so on. In particular, Tor will make direct OR
connections, and Tor routers allow EXTEND requests, to these private
addresses. (Tor will always allow connections to bridges, proxies, and
pluggable transports configured on private addresses.) Enabling this
option can create security issues; you should probably leave it off.
(Default: 0)
[[MaxMemInQueues]] **MaxMemInQueues** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**::
This option configures a threshold above which Tor will assume that it
needs to stop queueing or buffering data because it's about to run out of
memory. If it hits this threshold, it will begin killing circuits until
it has recovered at least 10% of this memory. Do not set this option too
low, or your relay may be unreliable under load. This option only
affects some queues, so the actual process size will be larger than
this. If this option is set to 0, Tor will try to pick a reasonable
default based on your system's physical memory. (Default: 0)
[[DisableOOSCheck]] **DisableOOSCheck** **0**|**1**::
This option disables the code that closes connections when Tor notices
that it is running low on sockets. Right now, it is on by default,
since the existing out-of-sockets mechanism tends to kill OR connections
more than it should. (Default: 1)
[[SigningKeyLifetime]] **SigningKeyLifetime** __N__ **days**|**weeks**|**months**::
For how long should each Ed25519 signing key be valid? Tor uses a
permanent master identity key that can be kept offline, and periodically
generates new "signing" keys that it uses online. This option
configures their lifetime.
(Default: 30 days)
[[OfflineMasterKey]] **OfflineMasterKey** **0**|**1**::
If non-zero, the Tor relay will never generate or load its master secret
key. Instead, you'll have to use "tor --keygen" to manage the permanent
ed25519 master identity key, as well as the corresponding temporary
signing keys and certificates. (Default: 0)
[[KeyDirectory]] **KeyDirectory** __DIR__::
Store secret keys in DIR. Can not be changed while tor is
running.
(Default: the "keys" subdirectory of DataDirectory.)
[[KeyDirectoryGroupReadable]] **KeyDirectoryGroupReadable** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
If this option is set to 0, don't allow the filesystem group to read the
KeyDirectory. If the option is set to 1, make the KeyDirectory readable
by the default GID. If the option is "auto", then we use the
setting for DataDirectoryGroupReadable when the KeyDirectory is the
same as the DataDirectory, and 0 otherwise. (Default: auto)
[[RephistTrackTime]] **RephistTrackTime** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**|**hours**|**days**|**weeks**::
Tells an authority, or other node tracking node reliability and history,
that fine-grained information about nodes can be discarded when it hasn't
changed for a given amount of time. (Default: 24 hours)
== DIRECTORY SERVER OPTIONS
The following options are useful only for directory servers. (Relays with
enough bandwidth automatically become directory servers; see DirCache for
details.)
[[DirPortFrontPage]] **DirPortFrontPage** __FILENAME__::
When this option is set, it takes an HTML file and publishes it as "/" on
the DirPort. Now relay operators can provide a disclaimer without needing
to set up a separate webserver. There's a sample disclaimer in
contrib/operator-tools/tor-exit-notice.html.
[[DirPort]] **DirPort** ['address'**:**]{empty}__PORT__|**auto** [_flags_]::
If this option is nonzero, advertise the directory service on this port.
Set it to "auto" to have Tor pick a port for you. This option can occur
more than once, but only one advertised DirPort is supported: all
but one DirPort must have the **NoAdvertise** flag set. (Default: 0) +
+
The same flags are supported here as are supported by ORPort.
[[DirPolicy]] **DirPolicy** __policy__,__policy__,__...__::
Set an entrance policy for this server, to limit who can connect to the
directory ports. The policies have the same form as exit policies above,
except that port specifiers are ignored. Any address not matched by
some entry in the policy is accepted.
[[DirCache]] **DirCache** **0**|**1**::
When this option is set, Tor caches all current directory documents except
extra info documents, and accepts client requests for them. If
**DownloadExtraInfo** is set, cached extra info documents are also cached.
Setting **DirPort** is not required for **DirCache**, because clients
connect via the ORPort by default. Setting either DirPort or BridgeRelay
and setting DirCache to 0 is not supported. (Default: 1)
[[MaxConsensusAgeForDiffs]] **MaxConsensusAgeForDiffs** __N__ **minutes**|**hours**|**days**|**weeks**::
When this option is nonzero, Tor caches will not try to generate
consensus diffs for any consensus older than this amount of time.
If this option is set to zero, Tor will pick a reasonable default from
the current networkstatus document. You should not set this
option unless your cache is severely low on disk space or CPU.
If you need to set it, keeping it above 3 or 4 hours will help clients
much more than setting it to zero.
(Default: 0)
== DENIAL OF SERVICE MITIGATION OPTIONS
Tor has three built-in mitigation options that can be individually
enabled/disabled and fine-tuned, but by default Tor directory authorities will
define reasonable values for relays and no explicit configuration is required
to make use of these protections. The mitigations take place at relays,
and are as follows:
1. If a single client address makes too many concurrent connections (this is
configurable via DoSConnectionMaxConcurrentCount), hang up on further
connections.
+
2. If a single client IP address (v4 or v6) makes circuits too quickly
(default values are more than 3 per second, with an allowed burst of 90,
see DoSCircuitCreationRate and DoSCircuitCreationBurst) while also having
too many connections open (default is 3, see
DoSCircuitCreationMinConnections), tor will refuse any new circuit (CREATE
cells) for the next while (random value between 1 and 2 hours).
+
3. If a client asks to establish a rendezvous point to you directly (ex:
Tor2Web client), ignore the request.
These defenses can be manually controlled by torrc options, but relays will
also take guidance from consensus parameters using these same names, so there's
no need to configure anything manually. In doubt, do not change those values.
The values set by the consensus, if any, can be found here:
https://consensus-health.torproject.org/#consensusparams
If any of the DoS mitigations are enabled, a heartbeat message will appear in
your log at NOTICE level which looks like:
DoS mitigation since startup: 429042 circuits rejected, 17 marked addresses.
2238 connections closed. 8052 single hop clients refused.
The following options are useful only for a public relay. They control the
Denial of Service mitigation subsystem described above.
[[DoSCircuitCreationEnabled]] **DoSCircuitCreationEnabled** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
Enable circuit creation DoS mitigation. If set to 1 (enabled), tor will
cache client IPs along with statistics in order to detect circuit DoS
attacks. If an address is positively identified, tor will activate
defenses against the address. See the DoSCircuitCreationDefenseType option
for more details. This is a client to relay detection only. "auto" means
use the consensus parameter. If not defined in the consensus, the value is 0.
(Default: auto)
[[DoSCircuitCreationMinConnections]] **DoSCircuitCreationMinConnections** __NUM__::
Minimum threshold of concurrent connections before a client address can be
flagged as executing a circuit creation DoS. In other words, once a client
address reaches the circuit rate and has a minimum of NUM concurrent
connections, a detection is positive. "0" means use the consensus
parameter. If not defined in the consensus, the value is 3.
(Default: 0)
[[DoSCircuitCreationRate]] **DoSCircuitCreationRate** __NUM__::
The allowed circuit creation rate per second applied per client IP
address. If this option is 0, it obeys a consensus parameter. If not
defined in the consensus, the value is 3.
(Default: 0)
[[DoSCircuitCreationBurst]] **DoSCircuitCreationBurst** __NUM__::
The allowed circuit creation burst per client IP address. If the circuit
rate and the burst are reached, a client is marked as executing a circuit
creation DoS. "0" means use the consensus parameter. If not defined in the
consensus, the value is 90.
(Default: 0)
[[DoSCircuitCreationDefenseType]] **DoSCircuitCreationDefenseType** __NUM__::
This is the type of defense applied to a detected client address. The
possible values are:
+
1: No defense.
+
2: Refuse circuit creation for the DoSCircuitCreationDefenseTimePeriod period of time.
+
"0" means use the consensus parameter. If not defined in the consensus, the value is 2.
(Default: 0)
[[DoSCircuitCreationDefenseTimePeriod]] **DoSCircuitCreationDefenseTimePeriod** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**|**hours**::
The base time period in seconds that the DoS defense is activated for. The
actual value is selected randomly for each activation from N+1 to 3/2 * N.
"0" means use the consensus parameter. If not defined in the consensus,
the value is 3600 seconds (1 hour).
(Default: 0)
[[DoSConnectionEnabled]] **DoSConnectionEnabled** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
Enable the connection DoS mitigation. If set to 1 (enabled), for client
address only, this allows tor to mitigate against large number of
concurrent connections made by a single IP address. "auto" means use the
consensus parameter. If not defined in the consensus, the value is 0.
(Default: auto)
[[DoSConnectionMaxConcurrentCount]] **DoSConnectionMaxConcurrentCount** __NUM__::
The maximum threshold of concurrent connection from a client IP address.
Above this limit, a defense selected by DoSConnectionDefenseType is
applied. "0" means use the consensus parameter. If not defined in the
consensus, the value is 100.
(Default: 0)
[[DoSConnectionDefenseType]] **DoSConnectionDefenseType** __NUM__::
This is the type of defense applied to a detected client address for the
connection mitigation. The possible values are:
+
1: No defense.
+
2: Immediately close new connections.
+
"0" means use the consensus parameter. If not defined in the consensus, the value is 2.
(Default: 0)
[[DoSRefuseSingleHopClientRendezvous]] **DoSRefuseSingleHopClientRendezvous** **0**|**1**|**auto**::
Refuse establishment of rendezvous points for single hop clients. In other
words, if a client directly connects to the relay and sends an
ESTABLISH_RENDEZVOUS cell, it is silently dropped. "auto" means use the
consensus parameter. If not defined in the consensus, the value is 0.
(Default: auto)
== DIRECTORY AUTHORITY SERVER OPTIONS
The following options enable operation as a directory authority, and
control how Tor behaves as a directory authority. You should not need
to adjust any of them if you're running a regular relay or exit server
on the public Tor network.
[[AuthoritativeDirectory]] **AuthoritativeDirectory** **0**|**1**::
When this option is set to 1, Tor operates as an authoritative directory
server. Instead of caching the directory, it generates its own list of
good servers, signs it, and sends that to the clients. Unless the clients
already have you listed as a trusted directory, you probably do not want
to set this option.
[[V3AuthoritativeDirectory]] **V3AuthoritativeDirectory** **0**|**1**::
When this option is set in addition to **AuthoritativeDirectory**, Tor
generates version 3 network statuses and serves descriptors, etc as
described in dir-spec.txt file of https://spec.torproject.org/[torspec]
(for Tor clients and servers running at least 0.2.0.x).
[[VersioningAuthoritativeDirectory]] **VersioningAuthoritativeDirectory** **0**|**1**::
When this option is set to 1, Tor adds information on which versions of
Tor are still believed safe for use to the published directory. Each
version 1 authority is automatically a versioning authority; version 2
authorities provide this service optionally. See **RecommendedVersions**,
**RecommendedClientVersions**, and **RecommendedServerVersions**.
[[RecommendedVersions]] **RecommendedVersions** __STRING__::
STRING is a comma-separated list of Tor versions currently believed to be
safe. The list is included in each directory, and nodes which pull down the
directory learn whether they need to upgrade. This option can appear
multiple times: the values from multiple lines are spliced together. When
this is set then **VersioningAuthoritativeDirectory** should be set too.
[[RecommendedClientVersions]] **RecommendedClientVersions** __STRING__::
STRING is a comma-separated list of Tor versions currently believed to be
safe for clients to use. This information is included in version 2
directories. If this is not set then the value of **RecommendedVersions**
is used. When this is set then **VersioningAuthoritativeDirectory** should
be set too.
[[BridgeAuthoritativeDir]] **BridgeAuthoritativeDir** **0**|**1**::
When this option is set in addition to **AuthoritativeDirectory**, Tor
accepts and serves server descriptors, but it caches and serves the main
networkstatus documents rather than generating its own. (Default: 0)
[[MinUptimeHidServDirectoryV2]] **MinUptimeHidServDirectoryV2** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**|**hours**|**days**|**weeks**::
Minimum uptime of a v2 hidden service directory to be accepted as such by
authoritative directories. (Default: 25 hours)
[[RecommendedServerVersions]] **RecommendedServerVersions** __STRING__::
STRING is a comma-separated list of Tor versions currently believed to be
safe for servers to use. This information is included in version 2
directories. If this is not set then the value of **RecommendedVersions**
is used. When this is set then **VersioningAuthoritativeDirectory** should
be set too.
[[ConsensusParams]] **ConsensusParams** __STRING__::
STRING is a space-separated list of key=value pairs that Tor will include
in the "params" line of its networkstatus vote.
[[DirAllowPrivateAddresses]] **DirAllowPrivateAddresses** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, Tor will accept server descriptors with arbitrary "Address"
elements. Otherwise, if the address is not an IP address or is a private IP
address, it will reject the server descriptor. Additionally, Tor
will allow exit policies for private networks to fulfill Exit flag
requirements. (Default: 0)
[[AuthDirBadExit]] **AuthDirBadExit** __AddressPattern...__::
Authoritative directories only. A set of address patterns for servers that
will be listed as bad exits in any network status document this authority
publishes, if **AuthDirListBadExits** is set. +
+
(The address pattern syntax here and in the options below
is the same as for exit policies, except that you don't need to say
"accept" or "reject", and ports are not needed.)
[[AuthDirInvalid]] **AuthDirInvalid** __AddressPattern...__::
Authoritative directories only. A set of address patterns for servers that
will never be listed as "valid" in any network status document that this
authority publishes.
[[AuthDirReject]] **AuthDirReject** __AddressPattern__...::
Authoritative directories only. A set of address patterns for servers that
will never be listed at all in any network status document that this
authority publishes, or accepted as an OR address in any descriptor
submitted for publication by this authority.
[[AuthDirBadExitCCs]] **AuthDirBadExitCCs** __CC__,... +
[[AuthDirInvalidCCs]] **AuthDirInvalidCCs** __CC__,... +
[[AuthDirRejectCCs]] **AuthDirRejectCCs** __CC__,...::
Authoritative directories only. These options contain a comma-separated
list of country codes such that any server in one of those country codes
will be marked as a bad exit/invalid for use, or rejected
entirely.
[[AuthDirListBadExits]] **AuthDirListBadExits** **0**|**1**::
Authoritative directories only. If set to 1, this directory has some
opinion about which nodes are unsuitable as exit nodes. (Do not set this to
1 unless you plan to list non-functioning exits as bad; otherwise, you are
effectively voting in favor of every declared exit as an exit.)
[[AuthDirMaxServersPerAddr]] **AuthDirMaxServersPerAddr** __NUM__::
Authoritative directories only. The maximum number of servers that we will
list as acceptable on a single IP address. Set this to "0" for "no limit".
(Default: 2)
[[AuthDirFastGuarantee]] **AuthDirFastGuarantee** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
Authoritative directories only. If non-zero, always vote the
Fast flag for any relay advertising this amount of capacity or
more. (Default: 100 KBytes)
[[AuthDirGuardBWGuarantee]] **AuthDirGuardBWGuarantee** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
Authoritative directories only. If non-zero, this advertised capacity
or more is always sufficient to satisfy the bandwidth requirement
for the Guard flag. (Default: 2 MBytes)
[[AuthDirPinKeys]] **AuthDirPinKeys** **0**|**1**::
Authoritative directories only. If non-zero, do not allow any relay to
publish a descriptor if any other relay has reserved its <Ed25519,RSA>
identity keypair. In all cases, Tor records every keypair it accepts
in a journal if it is new, or if it differs from the most recently
accepted pinning for one of the keys it contains. (Default: 1)
[[AuthDirSharedRandomness]] **AuthDirSharedRandomness** **0**|**1**::
Authoritative directories only. Switch for the shared random protocol.
If zero, the authority won't participate in the protocol. If non-zero
(default), the flag "shared-rand-participate" is added to the authority
vote indicating participation in the protocol. (Default: 1)
[[AuthDirTestEd25519LinkKeys]] **AuthDirTestEd25519LinkKeys** **0**|**1**::
Authoritative directories only. If this option is set to 0, then we treat
relays as "Running" if their RSA key is correct when we probe them,
regardless of their Ed25519 key. We should only ever set this option to 0
if there is some major bug in Ed25519 link authentication that causes us
to label all the relays as not Running. (Default: 1)
[[BridgePassword]] **BridgePassword** __Password__::
If set, contains an HTTP authenticator that tells a bridge authority to
serve all requested bridge information. Used by the (only partially
implemented) "bridge community" design, where a community of bridge
relay operators all use an alternate bridge directory authority,
and their target user audience can periodically fetch the list of
available community bridges to stay up-to-date. (Default: not set)
[[V3AuthVotingInterval]] **V3AuthVotingInterval** __N__ **minutes**|**hours**::
V3 authoritative directories only. Configures the server's preferred voting
interval. Note that voting will __actually__ happen at an interval chosen
by consensus from all the authorities' preferred intervals. This time
SHOULD divide evenly into a day. (Default: 1 hour)
[[V3AuthVoteDelay]] **V3AuthVoteDelay** __N__ **minutes**|**hours**::
V3 authoritative directories only. Configures the server's preferred delay
between publishing its vote and assuming it has all the votes from all the
other authorities. Note that the actual time used is not the server's
preferred time, but the consensus of all preferences. (Default: 5 minutes)
[[V3AuthDistDelay]] **V3AuthDistDelay** __N__ **minutes**|**hours**::
V3 authoritative directories only. Configures the server's preferred delay
between publishing its consensus and signature and assuming it has all the
signatures from all the other authorities. Note that the actual time used
is not the server's preferred time, but the consensus of all preferences.
(Default: 5 minutes)
[[V3AuthNIntervalsValid]] **V3AuthNIntervalsValid** __NUM__::
V3 authoritative directories only. Configures the number of VotingIntervals
for which each consensus should be valid for. Choosing high numbers
increases network partitioning risks; choosing low numbers increases
directory traffic. Note that the actual number of intervals used is not the
server's preferred number, but the consensus of all preferences. Must be at
least 2. (Default: 3)
[[V3BandwidthsFile]] **V3BandwidthsFile** __FILENAME__::
V3 authoritative directories only. Configures the location of the
bandwidth-authority generated file storing information on relays' measured
bandwidth capacities. To avoid inconsistent reads, bandwidth data should
be written to temporary file, then renamed to the configured filename.
(Default: unset)
[[V3AuthUseLegacyKey]] **V3AuthUseLegacyKey** **0**|**1**::
If set, the directory authority will sign consensuses not only with its
own signing key, but also with a "legacy" key and certificate with a
different identity. This feature is used to migrate directory authority
keys in the event of a compromise. (Default: 0)
[[AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity]] **AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity** **0**|**1**::
Authoritative directories only. When set to 0, OR ports with an
IPv6 address are not included in the authority's votes. When set to 1,
IPv6 OR ports are tested for reachability like IPv4 OR ports. If the
reachability test succeeds, the authority votes for the IPv6 ORPort, and
votes Running for the relay. If the reachability test fails, the authority
does not vote for the IPv6 ORPort, and does not vote Running (Default: 0) +
+
The content of the consensus depends on the number of voting authorities
that set AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity:
If no authorities set AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity 1, there will be no
IPv6 ORPorts in the consensus.
If a minority of authorities set AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity 1,
unreachable IPv6 ORPorts will be removed from the consensus. But the
majority of IPv4-only authorities will still vote the relay as Running.
Reachable IPv6 ORPort lines will be included in the consensus
If a majority of voting authorities set AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity 1,
relays with unreachable IPv6 ORPorts will not be listed as Running.
Reachable IPv6 ORPort lines will be included in the consensus
(To ensure that any valid majority will vote relays with unreachable
IPv6 ORPorts not Running, 75% of authorities must set
AuthDirHasIPv6Connectivity 1.)
[[MinMeasuredBWsForAuthToIgnoreAdvertised]] **MinMeasuredBWsForAuthToIgnoreAdvertised** __N__::
A total value, in abstract bandwidth units, describing how much
measured total bandwidth an authority should have observed on the network
before it will treat advertised bandwidths as wholly
unreliable. (Default: 500)
== HIDDEN SERVICE OPTIONS
The following options are used to configure a hidden service. Some options
apply per service and some apply for the whole tor instance.
The next section describes the per service options that can only be set
**after** the **HiddenServiceDir** directive
**PER SERVICE OPTIONS:**
[[HiddenServiceDir]] **HiddenServiceDir** __DIRECTORY__::
Store data files for a hidden service in DIRECTORY. Every hidden service
must have a separate directory. You may use this option multiple times to
specify multiple services. If DIRECTORY does not exist, Tor will create it.
Please note that you cannot add new Onion Service to already running Tor
instance if **Sandbox** is enabled.
(Note: in current versions of Tor, if DIRECTORY is a relative path,
it will be relative to the current
working directory of Tor instance, not to its DataDirectory. Do not
rely on this behavior; it is not guaranteed to remain the same in future
versions.)
[[HiddenServicePort]] **HiddenServicePort** __VIRTPORT__ [__TARGET__]::
Configure a virtual port VIRTPORT for a hidden service. You may use this
option multiple times; each time applies to the service using the most
recent HiddenServiceDir. By default, this option maps the virtual port to
the same port on 127.0.0.1 over TCP. You may override the target port,
address, or both by specifying a target of addr, port, addr:port, or
**unix:**__path__. (You can specify an IPv6 target as [addr]:port. Unix
paths may be quoted, and may use standard C escapes.)
You may also have multiple lines with the same VIRTPORT: when a user
connects to that VIRTPORT, one of the TARGETs from those lines will be
chosen at random. Note that address-port pairs have to be comma-separated.
[[HiddenServiceVersion]] **HiddenServiceVersion** **2**|**3**::
A list of rendezvous service descriptor versions to publish for the hidden
service. Currently, versions 2 and 3 are supported. (Default: 3)
[[HiddenServiceAuthorizeClient]] **HiddenServiceAuthorizeClient** __auth-type__ __client-name__,__client-name__,__...__::
If configured, the v2 hidden service is accessible for authorized clients
only. The auth-type can either be \'basic' for a general-purpose
authorization protocol or \'stealth' for a less scalable protocol that also
hides service activity from unauthorized clients. Only clients that are
listed here are authorized to access the hidden service. Valid client names
are 1 to 16 characters long and only use characters in A-Za-z0-9+-_ (no
spaces). If this option is set, the hidden service is not accessible for
clients without authorization any more. Generated authorization data can be
found in the hostname file. Clients need to put this authorization data in
their configuration file using **HidServAuth**. This option is only for v2
services; v3 services configure client authentication in a subdirectory of
HiddenServiceDir instead (see the **Client Authorization** section).
[[HiddenServiceAllowUnknownPorts]] **HiddenServiceAllowUnknownPorts** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, then connections to unrecognized ports do not cause the
current hidden service to close rendezvous circuits. (Setting this to 0 is
not an authorization mechanism; it is instead meant to be a mild
inconvenience to port-scanners.) (Default: 0)
[[HiddenServiceExportCircuitID]] **HiddenServiceExportCircuitID** __protocol__::
The onion service will use the given protocol to expose the global circuit
identifier of each inbound client circuit. The only
protocol supported right now \'haproxy'. This option is only for v3
services. (Default: none) +
+
The haproxy option works in the following way: when the feature is
enabled, the Tor process will write a header line when a client is connecting
to the onion service. The header will look like this: +
+
"PROXY TCP6 fc00:dead:beef:4dad::ffff:ffff ::1 65535 42\r\n" +
+
We encode the "global circuit identifier" as the last 32-bits of the first
IPv6 address. All other values in the header can safely be ignored. You can
compute the global circuit identifier using the following formula given the
IPv6 address "fc00:dead:beef:4dad::AABB:CCDD": +
+
global_circuit_id = (0xAA << 24) + (0xBB << 16) + (0xCC << 8) + 0xDD; +
+
In the case above, where the last 32-bits are 0xffffffff, the global circuit
identifier would be 4294967295. You can use this value together with Tor's
control port to terminate particular circuits using their global
circuit identifiers. For more information about this see control-spec.txt. +
+
The HAProxy version 1 protocol is described in detail at
https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt
[[HiddenServiceMaxStreams]] **HiddenServiceMaxStreams** __N__::
The maximum number of simultaneous streams (connections) per rendezvous
circuit. The maximum value allowed is 65535. (Setting this to 0 will allow
an unlimited number of simultaneous streams.) (Default: 0)
[[HiddenServiceMaxStreamsCloseCircuit]] **HiddenServiceMaxStreamsCloseCircuit** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, then exceeding **HiddenServiceMaxStreams** will cause the
offending rendezvous circuit to be torn down, as opposed to stream creation
requests that exceed the limit being silently ignored. (Default: 0)
[[RendPostPeriod]] **RendPostPeriod** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**|**hours**|**days**|**weeks**::
Every time the specified period elapses, Tor uploads any rendezvous
service descriptors to the directory servers. This information is also
uploaded whenever it changes. Minimum value allowed is 10 minutes and
maximum is 3.5 days. This option is only for v2 services.
(Default: 1 hour)
[[HiddenServiceDirGroupReadable]] **HiddenServiceDirGroupReadable** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set to 1, allow the filesystem group to read the
hidden service directory and hostname file. If the option is set to 0,
only owner is able to read the hidden service directory. (Default: 0)
Has no effect on Windows.
[[HiddenServiceNumIntroductionPoints]] **HiddenServiceNumIntroductionPoints** __NUM__::
Number of introduction points the hidden service will have. You can't
have more than 10 for v2 service and 20 for v3. (Default: 3)
[[HiddenServiceEnableIntroDoSDefense]] **HiddenServiceEnableIntroDoSDefense** **0**|**1**::
Enable DoS defense at the intropoint level. When this is enabled, the
rate and burst parameter (see below) will be sent to the intro point which
will then use them to apply rate limiting for introduction request to this
service.
+
The introduction point honors the consensus parameters except if this is
specifically set by the service operator using this option. The service
never looks at the consensus parameters in order to enable or disable this
defense. (Default: 0)
[[HiddenServiceEnableIntroDoSRatePerSec]] **HiddenServiceEnableIntroDoSRatePerSec** __NUM__::
The allowed client introduction rate per second at the introduction
point. If this option is 0, it is considered infinite and thus if
**HiddenServiceEnableIntroDoSDefense** is set, it then effectively
disables the defenses. (Default: 25)
[[HiddenServiceEnableIntroDoSBurstPerSec]] **HiddenServiceEnableIntroDoSBurstPerSec** __NUM__::
The allowed client introduction burst per second at the introduction
point. If this option is 0, it is considered infinite and thus if
**HiddenServiceEnableIntroDoSDefense** is set, it then effectively
disables the defenses. (Default: 200)
**PER INSTANCE OPTIONS:**
[[PublishHidServDescriptors]] **PublishHidServDescriptors** **0**|**1**::
If set to 0, Tor will run any hidden services you configure, but it won't
advertise them to the rendezvous directory. This option is only useful if
you're using a Tor controller that handles hidserv publishing for you.
(Default: 1)
[[HiddenServiceSingleHopMode]] **HiddenServiceSingleHopMode** **0**|**1**::
**Experimental - Non Anonymous** Hidden Services on a tor instance in
HiddenServiceSingleHopMode make one-hop (direct) circuits between the onion
service server, and the introduction and rendezvous points. (Onion service
descriptors are still posted using 3-hop paths, to avoid onion service
directories blocking the service.)
This option makes every hidden service instance hosted by a tor instance a
Single Onion Service. One-hop circuits make Single Onion servers easily
locatable, but clients remain location-anonymous. However, the fact that a
client is accessing a Single Onion rather than a Hidden Service may be
statistically distinguishable. +
+
**WARNING:** Once a hidden service directory has been used by a tor
instance in HiddenServiceSingleHopMode, it can **NEVER** be used again for
a hidden service. It is best practice to create a new hidden service
directory, key, and address for each new Single Onion Service and Hidden
Service. It is not possible to run Single Onion Services and Hidden
Services from the same tor instance: they should be run on different
servers with different IP addresses. +
+
HiddenServiceSingleHopMode requires HiddenServiceNonAnonymousMode to be set
to 1. Since a Single Onion service is non-anonymous, you can not configure
a SOCKSPort on a tor instance that is running in
**HiddenServiceSingleHopMode**. Can not be changed while tor is running.
(Default: 0)
[[HiddenServiceNonAnonymousMode]] **HiddenServiceNonAnonymousMode** **0**|**1**::
Makes hidden services non-anonymous on this tor instance. Allows the
non-anonymous HiddenServiceSingleHopMode. Enables direct connections in the
server-side hidden service protocol. If you are using this option,
you need to disable all client-side services on your Tor instance,
including setting SOCKSPort to "0". Can not be changed while tor is
running. (Default: 0)
== Client Authorization
(Version 3 only)
Service side:
To configure client authorization on the service side, the
"<HiddenServiceDir>/authorized_clients/" directory needs to exist. Each file
in that directory should be suffixed with ".auth" (i.e. "alice.auth"; the
file name is irrelevant) and its content format MUST be:
<auth-type>:<key-type>:<base32-encoded-public-key>
The supported <auth-type> are: "descriptor". The supported <key-type> are:
"x25519". The <base32-encoded-public-key> is the base32 representation of
the raw key bytes only (32 bytes for x25519).
Each file MUST contain one line only. Any malformed file will be
ignored. Client authorization will only be enabled for the service if tor
successfully loads at least one authorization file.
Note that once you've configured client authorization, anyone else with the
address won't be able to access it from this point on. If no authorization is
configured, the service will be accessible to anyone with the onion address.
Revoking a client can be done by removing their ".auth" file, however the
revocation will be in effect only after the tor process gets restarted even if
a SIGHUP takes place.
Client side:
To access a v3 onion service with client authorization as a client, make sure
you have ClientOnionAuthDir set in your torrc. Then, in the
<ClientOnionAuthDir> directory, create an .auth_private file for the onion
service corresponding to this key (i.e. 'bob_onion.auth_private'). The
contents of the <ClientOnionAuthDir>/<user>.auth_private file should look like:
<56-char-onion-addr-without-.onion-part>:descriptor:x25519:<x25519 private key in base32>
For more information, please see https://2019.www.torproject.org/docs/tor-onion-service.html.en#ClientAuthorization .
== TESTING NETWORK OPTIONS
The following options are used for running a testing Tor network.
[[TestingTorNetwork]] **TestingTorNetwork** **0**|**1**::
If set to 1, Tor adjusts default values of the configuration options below,
so that it is easier to set up a testing Tor network. May only be set if
non-default set of DirAuthorities is set. Cannot be unset while Tor is
running.
(Default: 0) +
ServerDNSAllowBrokenConfig 1
DirAllowPrivateAddresses 1
EnforceDistinctSubnets 0
AssumeReachable 1
AuthDirMaxServersPerAddr 0
AuthDirMaxServersPerAuthAddr 0
ClientBootstrapConsensusAuthorityDownloadInitialDelay 0
ClientBootstrapConsensusFallbackDownloadInitialDelay 0
ClientBootstrapConsensusAuthorityOnlyDownloadInitialDelay 0
ClientDNSRejectInternalAddresses 0
ClientRejectInternalAddresses 0
CountPrivateBandwidth 1
ExitPolicyRejectPrivate 0
ExtendAllowPrivateAddresses 1
V3AuthVotingInterval 5 minutes
V3AuthVoteDelay 20 seconds
V3AuthDistDelay 20 seconds
MinUptimeHidServDirectoryV2 0 seconds
TestingV3AuthInitialVotingInterval 5 minutes
TestingV3AuthInitialVoteDelay 20 seconds
TestingV3AuthInitialDistDelay 20 seconds
TestingAuthDirTimeToLearnReachability 0 minutes
TestingServerDownloadInitialDelay 0
TestingClientDownloadInitialDelay 0
TestingServerConsensusDownloadInitialDelay 0
TestingClientConsensusDownloadInitialDelay 0
TestingBridgeDownloadInitialDelay 10
TestingBridgeBootstrapDownloadInitialDelay 0
TestingClientMaxIntervalWithoutRequest 5 seconds
TestingDirConnectionMaxStall 30 seconds
TestingEnableConnBwEvent 1
TestingEnableCellStatsEvent 1
[[TestingV3AuthInitialVotingInterval]] **TestingV3AuthInitialVotingInterval** __N__ **minutes**|**hours**::
Like V3AuthVotingInterval, but for initial voting interval before the first
consensus has been created. Changing this requires that
**TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 30 minutes)
[[TestingV3AuthInitialVoteDelay]] **TestingV3AuthInitialVoteDelay** __N__ **minutes**|**hours**::
Like V3AuthVoteDelay, but for initial voting interval before
the first consensus has been created. Changing this requires that
**TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 5 minutes)
[[TestingV3AuthInitialDistDelay]] **TestingV3AuthInitialDistDelay** __N__ **minutes**|**hours**::
Like V3AuthDistDelay, but for initial voting interval before
the first consensus has been created. Changing this requires that
**TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 5 minutes)
[[TestingV3AuthVotingStartOffset]] **TestingV3AuthVotingStartOffset** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**|**hours**::
Directory authorities offset voting start time by this much.
Changing this requires that **TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 0)
[[TestingAuthDirTimeToLearnReachability]] **TestingAuthDirTimeToLearnReachability** __N__ **minutes**|**hours**::
After starting as an authority, do not make claims about whether routers
are Running until this much time has passed. Changing this requires
that **TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 30 minutes)
[[TestingMinFastFlagThreshold]] **TestingMinFastFlagThreshold** __N__ **bytes**|**KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
Minimum value for the Fast flag. Overrides the ordinary minimum taken
from the consensus when TestingTorNetwork is set. (Default: 0.)
[[TestingServerDownloadInitialDelay]] **TestingServerDownloadInitialDelay** __N__::
Initial delay in seconds for when servers should download things in general. Changing this
requires that **TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 0)
[[TestingClientDownloadInitialDelay]] **TestingClientDownloadInitialDelay** __N__::
Initial delay in seconds for when clients should download things in general. Changing this
requires that **TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 0)
[[TestingServerConsensusDownloadInitialDelay]] **TestingServerConsensusDownloadInitialDelay** __N__::
Initial delay in seconds for when servers should download consensuses. Changing this
requires that **TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 0)
[[TestingClientConsensusDownloadInitialDelay]] **TestingClientConsensusDownloadInitialDelay** __N__::
Initial delay in seconds for when clients should download consensuses. Changing this
requires that **TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 0)
[[TestingBridgeDownloadInitialDelay]] **TestingBridgeDownloadInitialDelay** __N__::
Initial delay in seconds for when clients should download each bridge descriptor when they
know that one or more of their configured bridges are running. Changing
this requires that **TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 10800)
[[TestingBridgeBootstrapDownloadInitialDelay]] **TestingBridgeBootstrapDownloadInitialDelay** __N__::
Initial delay in seconds for when clients should download each bridge descriptor when they
have just started, or when they can not contact any of their bridges.
Changing this requires that **TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 0)
[[TestingClientMaxIntervalWithoutRequest]] **TestingClientMaxIntervalWithoutRequest** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**::
When directory clients have only a few descriptors to request, they batch
them until they have more, or until this amount of time has passed.
Changing this requires that **TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default: 10
minutes)
[[TestingDirConnectionMaxStall]] **TestingDirConnectionMaxStall** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**::
Let a directory connection stall this long before expiring it.
Changing this requires that **TestingTorNetwork** is set. (Default:
5 minutes)
[[TestingDirAuthVoteExit]] **TestingDirAuthVoteExit** __node__,__node__,__...__::
A list of identity fingerprints, country codes, and
address patterns of nodes to vote Exit for regardless of their
uptime, bandwidth, or exit policy. See the **ExcludeNodes**
option for more information on how to specify nodes. +
+
In order for this option to have any effect, **TestingTorNetwork**
has to be set. See the **ExcludeNodes** option for more
information on how to specify nodes.
[[TestingDirAuthVoteExitIsStrict]] **TestingDirAuthVoteExitIsStrict** **0**|**1** ::
If True (1), a node will never receive the Exit flag unless it is specified
in the **TestingDirAuthVoteExit** list, regardless of its uptime, bandwidth,
or exit policy. +
+
In order for this option to have any effect, **TestingTorNetwork**
has to be set.
[[TestingDirAuthVoteGuard]] **TestingDirAuthVoteGuard** __node__,__node__,__...__::
A list of identity fingerprints and country codes and
address patterns of nodes to vote Guard for regardless of their
uptime and bandwidth. See the **ExcludeNodes** option for more
information on how to specify nodes. +
+
In order for this option to have any effect, **TestingTorNetwork**
has to be set.
[[TestingDirAuthVoteGuardIsStrict]] **TestingDirAuthVoteGuardIsStrict** **0**|**1** ::
If True (1), a node will never receive the Guard flag unless it is specified
in the **TestingDirAuthVoteGuard** list, regardless of its uptime and bandwidth. +
+
In order for this option to have any effect, **TestingTorNetwork**
has to be set.
[[TestingDirAuthVoteHSDir]] **TestingDirAuthVoteHSDir** __node__,__node__,__...__::
A list of identity fingerprints and country codes and
address patterns of nodes to vote HSDir for regardless of their
uptime and DirPort. See the **ExcludeNodes** option for more
information on how to specify nodes. +
+
In order for this option to have any effect, **TestingTorNetwork**
must be set.
[[TestingDirAuthVoteHSDirIsStrict]] **TestingDirAuthVoteHSDirIsStrict** **0**|**1** ::
If True (1), a node will never receive the HSDir flag unless it is specified
in the **TestingDirAuthVoteHSDir** list, regardless of its uptime and DirPort. +
+
In order for this option to have any effect, **TestingTorNetwork**
has to be set.
[[TestingEnableConnBwEvent]] **TestingEnableConnBwEvent** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set, then Tor controllers may register for CONN_BW
events. Changing this requires that **TestingTorNetwork** is set.
(Default: 0)
[[TestingEnableCellStatsEvent]] **TestingEnableCellStatsEvent** **0**|**1**::
If this option is set, then Tor controllers may register for CELL_STATS
events. Changing this requires that **TestingTorNetwork** is set.
(Default: 0)
[[TestingMinExitFlagThreshold]] **TestingMinExitFlagThreshold** __N__ **KBytes**|**MBytes**|**GBytes**|**TBytes**|**KBits**|**MBits**|**GBits**|**TBits**::
Sets a lower-bound for assigning an exit flag when running as an
authority on a testing network. Overrides the usual default lower bound
of 4 KBytes. (Default: 0)
[[TestingLinkCertLifetime]] **TestingLinkCertLifetime** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**|**hours**|**days**|**weeks**|**months**::
Overrides the default lifetime for the certificates used to authenticate
our X509 link cert with our ed25519 signing key.
(Default: 2 days)
[[TestingAuthKeyLifetime]] **TestingAuthKeyLifetime** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**|**hours**|**days**|**weeks**|**months**::
Overrides the default lifetime for a signing Ed25519 TLS Link authentication
key.
(Default: 2 days)
[[TestingLinkKeySlop]] **TestingLinkKeySlop** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**|**hours** +
[[TestingAuthKeySlop]] **TestingAuthKeySlop** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**|**hours** +
[[TestingSigningKeySlop]] **TestingSigningKeySlop** __N__ **seconds**|**minutes**|**hours**::
How early before the official expiration of a an Ed25519 signing key do
we replace it and issue a new key?
(Default: 3 hours for link and auth; 1 day for signing.)
== NON-PERSISTENT OPTIONS
These options are not saved to the torrc file by the "SAVECONF" controller
command. Other options of this type are documented in control-spec.txt,
section 5.4. End-users should mostly ignore them.
[[UnderscorePorts]] **{dbl_}ControlPort**, **{dbl_}DirPort**, **{dbl_}DNSPort**, **{dbl_}ExtORPort**, **{dbl_}NATDPort**, **{dbl_}ORPort**, **{dbl_}SocksPort**, **{dbl_}TransPort**::
These underscore-prefixed options are variants of the regular Port
options. They behave the same, except they are not saved to the
torrc file by the controller's SAVECONF command.
== SIGNALS
Tor catches the following signals:
[[SIGTERM]] **SIGTERM**::
Tor will catch this, clean up and sync to disk if necessary, and exit.
[[SIGINT]] **SIGINT**::
Tor clients behave as with SIGTERM; but Tor servers will do a controlled
slow shutdown, closing listeners and waiting 30 seconds before exiting.
(The delay can be configured with the ShutdownWaitLength config option.)
[[SIGHUP]] **SIGHUP**::
The signal instructs Tor to reload its configuration (including closing and
reopening logs), and kill and restart its helper processes if applicable.
[[SIGUSR1]] **SIGUSR1**::
Log statistics about current connections, past connections, and throughput.
[[SIGUSR2]] **SIGUSR2**::
Switch all logs to loglevel debug. You can go back to the old loglevels by
sending a SIGHUP.
[[SIGCHLD]] **SIGCHLD**::
Tor receives this signal when one of its helper processes has exited, so it
can clean up.
[[SIGPIPE]] **SIGPIPE**::
Tor catches this signal and ignores it.
[[SIGXFSZ]] **SIGXFSZ**::
If this signal exists on your platform, Tor catches and ignores it.
== FILES
**`@CONFDIR@/torrc`**::
Default location of the configuration file.
**`$HOME/.torrc`**::
Fallback location for torrc, if @CONFDIR@/torrc is not found.
**`@LOCALSTATEDIR@/lib/tor/`**::
The tor process stores keys and other data here.
__CacheDirectory__/**`cached-certs`**::
Contains downloaded directory key certificates that are used to verify
authenticity of documents generated by the Tor directory authorities.
__CacheDirectory__/**`cached-consensus`** and/or **`cached-microdesc-consensus`**::
The most recent consensus network status document we've downloaded.
__CacheDirectory__/**`cached-descriptors`** and **`cached-descriptors.new`**::
These files contain the downloaded router statuses. Some routers may appear
more than once; if so, the most recently published descriptor is
used. Lines beginning with **`@`**-signs are annotations that contain more
information about a given router. The **`.new`** file is an append-only
journal; when it gets too large, all entries are merged into a new
cached-descriptors file.
__CacheDirectory__/**`cached-extrainfo`** and **`cached-extrainfo.new`**::
Similar to **cached-descriptors**, but holds optionally-downloaded
"extra-info" documents. Relays use these documents to send inessential
information about statistics, bandwidth history, and network health to the
authorities. They aren't fetched by default. See the DownloadExtraInfo
option for more information.
__CacheDirectory__/**`cached-microdescs`** and **`cached-microdescs.new`**::
These files hold downloaded microdescriptors. Lines beginning with
**`@`**-signs are annotations that contain more information about a given
router. The **`.new`** file is an append-only journal; when it gets too
large, all entries are merged into a new cached-microdescs file.
__DataDirectory__/**`state`**::
Contains a set of persistent key-value mappings. These include:
- the current entry guards and their status.
- the current bandwidth accounting values.
- when the file was last written
- what version of Tor generated the state file
- a short history of bandwidth usage, as produced in the server
descriptors.
__DataDirectory__/**`sr-state`**::
_Authority only_. This file is used to record information about the current
status of the shared-random-value voting state.
__CacheDirectory__/**`diff-cache`**::
_Directory cache only_. Holds older consensuses and diffs from oldest to
the most recent consensus of each type compressed in various ways. Each
file contains a set of key-value arguments describing its contents,
followed by a single NUL byte, followed by the main file contents.
__DataDirectory__/**`bw_accounting`**::
This file is obsolete and the data is now stored in the **`state`** file
instead. Used to track bandwidth accounting values (when the current period
starts and ends; how much has been read and written so far this period).
__DataDirectory__/**`control_auth_cookie`**::
This file can be used only when cookie authentication is enabled. Used for
cookie authentication with the controller. Location can be overridden by
the `CookieAuthFile` configuration option. Regenerated on startup. See
control-spec.txt in https://spec.torproject.org/[torspec] for details.
__DataDirectory__/**`lock`**::
This file is used to prevent two Tor instances from using the same data
directory. If access to this file is locked, data directory is already in
use by Tor.
__DataDirectory__/**`key-pinning-journal`**::
Used by authorities. A line-based file that records mappings between
RSA1024 and Ed25519 identity keys. Authorities enforce these mappings, so
that once a relay has picked an Ed25519 key, stealing or factoring the
RSA1024 key will no longer let an attacker impersonate the relay.
__KeyDirectory__/**`authority_identity_key`**::
A v3 directory authority's master identity key, used to authenticate its
signing key. Tor doesn't use this while it's running. The tor-gencert
program uses this. If you're running an authority, you should keep this key
offline, and not put it in this file.
__KeyDirectory__/**`authority_certificate`**::
Only directory authorities use this file. A v3 directory authority's
certificate which authenticates the authority's current vote- and
consensus-signing key using its master identity key.
__KeyDirectory__/**`authority_signing_key`**::
Only directory authorities use this file. A v3 directory authority's
signing key that is used to sign votes and consensuses. Corresponds to the
**authority_certificate** cert.
__KeyDirectory__/**`legacy_certificate`**::
As authority_certificate; used only when `V3AuthUseLegacyKey` is set. See
documentation for V3AuthUseLegacyKey.
__KeyDirectory__/**`legacy_signing_key`**::
As authority_signing_key: used only when `V3AuthUseLegacyKey` is set. See
documentation for V3AuthUseLegacyKey.
__KeyDirectory__/**`secret_id_key`**::
A relay's RSA1024 permanent identity key, including private and public
components. Used to sign router descriptors, and to sign other keys.
__KeyDirectory__/**`ed25519_master_id_public_key`**::
The public part of a relay's Ed25519 permanent identity key.
__KeyDirectory__/**`ed25519_master_id_secret_key`**::
The private part of a relay's Ed25519 permanent identity key. This key is
used to sign the medium-term ed25519 signing key. This file can be kept
offline or encrypted. If so, Tor will not be able to generate new signing
keys automatically; you'll need to use `tor --keygen` to do so.
__KeyDirectory__/**`ed25519_signing_secret_key`**::
The private and public components of a relay's medium-term Ed25519 signing
key. This key is authenticated by the Ed25519 master key, which in turn
authenticates other keys (and router descriptors).
__KeyDirectory__/**`ed25519_signing_cert`**::
The certificate which authenticates "ed25519_signing_secret_key" as having
been signed by the Ed25519 master key.
__KeyDirectory__/**`secret_onion_key`** and **`secret_onion_key.old`**::
A relay's RSA1024 short-term onion key. Used to decrypt old-style ("TAP")
circuit extension requests. The **`.old`** file holds the previously
generated key, which the relay uses to handle any requests that were made
by clients that didn't have the new one.
__KeyDirectory__/**`secret_onion_key_ntor`** and **`secret_onion_key_ntor.old`**::
A relay's Curve25519 short-term onion key. Used to handle modern ("ntor")
circuit extension requests. The **`.old`** file holds the previously
generated key, which the relay uses to handle any requests that were made
by clients that didn't have the new one.
__DataDirectory__/**`fingerprint`**::
Only used by servers. Contains the fingerprint of the server's identity key.
__DataDirectory__/**`hashed-fingerprint`**::
Only used by bridges. Contains the hashed fingerprint of the bridge's
identity key. (That is, the hash of the hash of the identity key.)
__DataDirectory__/**`approved-routers`**::
Only used by authoritative directory servers. This file lists the status of
routers by their identity fingerprint. Each line lists a status and a
fingerprint separated by whitespace. See your **`fingerprint`** file in the
__DataDirectory__ for an example line. If the status is **!reject**, then
the descriptors from the given identity (fingerprint) are rejected by this
server. If it is **!invalid**, then the descriptors are accepted but marked
in the directory as not valid, that is, not recommended.
__DataDirectory__/**`v3-status-votes`**::
Only for v3 authoritative directory servers. This file contains status
votes from all the authoritative directory servers.
__CacheDirectory__/**`unverified-consensus`**::
Contains a network consensus document that has been downloaded, but which
we didn't have the right certificates to check yet.
__CacheDirectory__/**`unverified-microdesc-consensus`**::
Contains a microdescriptor-flavored network consensus document that has
been downloaded, but which we didn't have the right certificates to check
yet.
__DataDirectory__/**`unparseable-desc`**::
Onion server descriptors that Tor was unable to parse are dumped to this
file. Only used for debugging.
__DataDirectory__/**`router-stability`**::
Only used by authoritative directory servers. Tracks measurements for
router mean-time-between-failures so that authorities have a fair idea of
how to set their Stable flags.
__DataDirectory__/**`stats/dirreq-stats`**::
Only used by directory caches and authorities. This file is used to
collect directory request statistics.
__DataDirectory__/**`stats/entry-stats`**::
Only used by servers. This file is used to collect incoming connection
statistics by Tor entry nodes.
__DataDirectory__/**`stats/bridge-stats`**::
Only used by servers. This file is used to collect incoming connection
statistics by Tor bridges.
__DataDirectory__/**`stats/exit-stats`**::
Only used by servers. This file is used to collect outgoing connection
statistics by Tor exit routers.
__DataDirectory__/**`stats/buffer-stats`**::
Only used by servers. This file is used to collect buffer usage
history.
__DataDirectory__/**`stats/conn-stats`**::
Only used by servers. This file is used to collect approximate connection
history (number of active connections over time).
__DataDirectory__/**`stats/hidserv-stats`**::
Only used by servers. This file is used to collect approximate counts
of what fraction of the traffic is hidden service rendezvous traffic, and
approximately how many hidden services the relay has seen.
__DataDirectory__/**networkstatus-bridges`**::
Only used by authoritative bridge directories. Contains information
about bridges that have self-reported themselves to the bridge
authority.
__HiddenServiceDirectory__/**`hostname`**::
The <base32-encoded-fingerprint>.onion domain name for this hidden service.
If the hidden service is restricted to authorized clients only, this file
also contains authorization data for all clients.
+
[NOTE]
The clients will ignore any extra subdomains prepended to a hidden
service hostname. Supposing you have "xyz.onion" as your hostname, you
can ask your clients to connect to "www.xyz.onion" or "irc.xyz.onion"
for virtual-hosting purposes.
__HiddenServiceDirectory__/**`private_key`**::
Contains the private key for this hidden service.
__HiddenServiceDirectory__/**`client_keys`**::
Contains authorization data for a hidden service that is only accessible by
authorized clients.
__HiddenServiceDirectory__/**`onion_service_non_anonymous`**::
This file is present if a hidden service key was created in
**HiddenServiceNonAnonymousMode**.
== SEE ALSO
For more information, refer to the Tor Project website at
https://www.torproject.org/ and the Tor specifications at
https://spec.torproject.org. See also **torsocks**(1) and **torify**(1).
== BUGS
Because Tor is still under development, there may be plenty of bugs. Please
report them at https://trac.torproject.org/.
== AUTHORS
Roger Dingledine [arma at mit.edu], Nick Mathewson [nickm at alum.mit.edu].
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