tor/doc/control-spec.txt

$Id$

                      TC: A Tor control protocol

0. Scope

This document describes an implementation-specific protocol that is used
for other programs (such as frontend user-interfaces) to communicate
with a locally running Tor process.  It is not part of the Tor onion
routing protocol.

We're trying to be pretty extensible here, but not infinitely
forward-compatible.

1. Protocol outline

TC is a bidirectional message-based protocol.  It assumes an underlying
stream for communication between a controlling process (the "client") and
a Tor process (the "server").  The stream may be implemented via TCP,
TLS-over-TCP, a Unix-domain socket, or so on, but it must provide
reliable in-order delivery.  For security, the stream should not be
accessible by untrusted parties.

In TC, the client and server send typed variable-length messages to each
other over the underlying stream.  By default, all messages from the server
are in response to messages from the client.  Some client requests, however,
will cause the server to send messages to the client indefinitely far into
the future.

Servers respond to messages in the order they're received.

2. Message format

The messages take the following format:

   Length [2 octets; big-endian]
   Type   [2 octets; big-endian]
   Body   [Length octets]

Upon encountering a recognized Type, implementations behave as described in
section 3 below.  If the type is not recognized, servers respond with an
"ERROR" message (code UNRECOGNIZED; see 3.1 below), and clients simply ignore
the message.

2.1. Types and encodings

  All numbers are given in big-endian (network) order.

  OR identities are given in hexadecimal, in the same format as identity key
  fingerprints, but without spaces; see tor-spec.txt for more information.

3. Message types

  Message types are drawn from the following ranges:

  0x0000-0xEFFF   : Reserved for use by official versions of this spec.
  0xF000-0xFFFF   : Unallocated; usable by unofficial extensions.

3.1. ERROR (Type 0x0000)

  Sent in response to a message that could not be processed as requested.

  The body of the message begins with a 2-byte error code.  The following
  values are defined:

        0x0000 Unspecified error
               []

        0x0001 Internal error
               [Something went wrong inside Tor, so that the client's
                request couldn't be fulfilled.]

        0x0002 Unrecognized message type
               [The client sent a message type we don't understand.]

        0x0003 Syntax error
               [The client sent a message body in a format we can't parse.]

        0x0004 Unrecognized configuration key
               [The client tried to get or set a configuration option we don't
                recognize.]

        0x0005 Invalid configuration value
               [The client tried to set a configuration option to an
                incorrect, ill-formed, or impossible value.]

        0x0006 Unrecognized byte code
               [The client tried to set a byte code (in the body) that
                we don't recognize.]

        0x0007 Unauthorized.
               [The client tried to send a command that requires
                authorization, but it hasn't sent a valid AUTHENTICATE
                message.]

        0x0008 Failed authentication attempt
               [The client sent a well-formed authorization message.]

        0x0009 Resource exhausted
               [The server didn't have enough of a given resource to
                fulfill a given request.]

        0x000A No such stream

        0x000B No such circuit

        0x000C No such OR

  The rest of the body should be a human-readable description of the error.

  In general, new error codes should only be added when they don't fall under
  one of the existing error codes.

3.2. DONE (Type 0x0001)

  Sent from server to client in response to a request that was successfully
  completed, with no more information needed.  The body is usually empty but
  may contain a message.

3.3. SETCONF (Type 0x0002)

  Change the value of a configuration variable. The body contains a list of
  newline-terminated key-value configuration lines.  An individual key-value
  configuration line consists of the key, followed by a space, followed by
  the value. The server behaves as though it had just read the key-value pair
  in its configuration file.

  The server responds with a DONE message on success, or an ERROR message on
  failure.

  When a configuration options takes multiple values, or when multiple
  configuration keys form a context-sensitive group (see below), then
  setting _any_ of the options in a SETCONF command is taken to reset all of
  the others.  For example, if two ORBindAddress values are configured,
  and a SETCONF command arrives containing a single ORBindAddress value, the
  new command's value replaces the two old values.

  To _remove_ all settings for a given option entirely (and go back to its
  default value), send a single line containing the key and no value.

3.4. GETCONF (Type 0x0003)

  Request the value of a configuration variable.  The body contains one or
  more NL-terminated strings for configuration keys.  The server replies
  with a CONFVALUE message.

  If an option appears multiple times in the configuration, all of its
  key-value pairs are returned in order.

  Some options are context-sensitive, and depend on other options with
  different keywords.  These cannot be fetched directly.  Currently there
  is only one such option: clients should use the "HiddenServiceOptions"
  virtual keyword to get all HiddenServiceDir, HiddenServicePort,
  HiddenServiceNodes, and HiddenServiceExcludeNodes option settings.

3.5. CONFVALUE (Type 0x0004)

  Sent in response to a GETCONF message; contains a list of "Key Value\n"
  (A non-whitespace keyword, a single space, a non-NL value, a NL)
  strings.

3.6. SETEVENTS (Type 0x0005)

  Request the server to inform the client about interesting events.
  The body contains a list of 2-byte event codes (see "event" below).
  Any events *not* listed in the SETEVENTS body are turned off; thus, sending
  SETEVENTS with an empty body turns off all event reporting.

  The server responds with a DONE message on success, and an ERROR message
  if one of the event codes isn't recognized.  (On error, the list of active
  event codes isn't changed.)

3.7. EVENT (Type 0x0006)

  Sent from the server to the client when an event has occurred and the
  client has requested that kind of event.  The body contains a 2-byte
  event code followed by additional event-dependent information.  Event
  codes are:
      0x0001 -- Circuit status changed

                Status [1 octet]
                   0x00 Launched - circuit ID assigned to new circuit
                   0x01 Built    - all hops finished, can now accept streams
                   0x02 Extended - one more hop has been completed
                   0x03 Failed   - circuit closed (was not built)
                   0x04 Closed   - circuit closed (was built)
                Circuit ID [4 octets]
                   (Must be unique to Tor process/time)
                Path [NUL-terminated comma-separated string]
                   (For extended/failed, is the portion of the path that is
                   built)

      0x0002 -- Stream status changed

                Status [1 octet]
                   (Sent connect=0,sent resolve=1,succeeded=2,failed=3,
                    closed=4, new connection=5, new resolve request=6,
                    stream detached from circuit and still retriable=7)
                Stream ID [4 octets]
                   (Must be unique to Tor process/time)
                Target (NUL-terminated address-port string]

      0x0003 -- OR Connection status changed

                Status [1 octet]
                   (Launched=0,connected=1,failed=2,closed=3)
                OR nickname/identity [NUL-terminated]

      0x0004 -- Bandwidth used in the last second

                Bytes read [4 octets]
                Bytes written [4 octets]

      0x0005 -- Notice/warning/error occurred

                Message [NUL-terminated]

      0x0006 -- New descriptors available

                OR List [NUL-terminated, comma-delimited list of
                    OR identity]

3.8. AUTHENTICATE (Type 0x0007)

  Sent from the client to the server.  Contains a 'magic cookie' to prove
  that client is really the admin for this Tor process.  The server responds
  with DONE or ERROR.

3.9. SAVECONF (Type 0x0008)

  Sent from the client to the server. Instructs the server to write out
  its config options into its torrc. Server returns DONE if successful, or
  ERROR if it can't write the file or some other error occurs.

3.10. SIGNAL (Type 0x0009)

  Sent from the client to the server. The body contains one byte that
  indicates the action the client wishes the server to take.

       1 (0x01) -- Reload: reload config items, refetch directory.
       2 (0x02) -- Controlled shutdown: if server is an OP, exit immediately.
                   If it's an OR, close listeners and exit after 30 seconds.
      10 (0x0A) -- Dump stats: log information about open connections and
                   circuits.
      12 (0x0C) -- Debug: switch all open logs to loglevel debug.
      15 (0x0F) -- Immediate shutdown: clean up and exit now.

  The server responds with DONE if the signal is recognized (or simply
  closes the socket if it was asked to close immediately), else ERROR.

3.11. MAPADDRESS (Type 0x000A)

  Sent from the client to the server.  The body contains a sequence of
  address mappings, each consisting of the address to be mapped, a single
  space, the replacement address, and a NL character.

  Addresses may be IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addresses, or hostnames.

  The client sends this message to the server in order to tell it that future
  SOCKS requests for connections to the original address should be replaced
  with connections to the specified replacement address.  If the addresses
  are well-formed, and the server is able to fulfill the request, the server
  replies with a single DONE message containing the source and destination
  addresses.  If request is malformed, the server replies with a syntax error
  message.  The server can't fulfill the request, it replies with an internal
  ERROR message.

  The client may decline to provide a body for the original address, and
  instead send a special null address ("0.0.0.0" for IPv4, "::0" for IPv6, or
  "." for hostname), signifying that the server should choose the original
  address itself, and return that address in the DONE message.  The server
  should ensure that it returns an element of address space that is unlikely
  to be in actual use.  If there is already an address mapped to the
  destination address, the server may reuse that mapping.

  If the original address is already mapped to a different address, the old
  mapping is removed.  If the original address and the destination address
  are the same, the server removes any mapping in place for the original
  address.

  {Note: This feature is designed to be used to help Tor-ify applications
  that need to use SOCKS4 or hostname-less SOCKS5.  There are three
  approaches to doing this:
     1. Somehow make them use SOCKS4a or SOCKS5-with-hostnames instead.
     2. Use tor-resolve (or another interface to Tor's resolve-over-SOCKS
        feature) to resolve the hostname remotely.  This doesn't work
        with special addresses like x.onion or x.y.exit.
     3. Use MAPADDRESS to map an IP address to the desired hostname, and then
        arrange to fool the application into thinking that the hostname
        has resolved to that IP.
  This functionality is designed to help implement the 3rd approach.}

  [XXXX When, if ever, can mappings expire?  Should they expire?]
  [XXXX What addresses, if any, are safe to use?]

3.12 GETINFO (Type 0x000B)

  Sent from the client to the server.  The message body is as for GETCONF:
  one or more NL-terminated strings.  The server replies with an INFOVALUE
  message.

  Unlike GETCONF, this message is used for data that are not stored in the
  Tor configuration file, but instead.

  Recognized key and their values include:

    "version" -- The version of the server's software, including the name
      of the software. (example: "Tor 0.0.9.4")

    "desc/id/<OR identity>" or "desc/name/<OR nickname>" -- the latest server
      descriptor for a given OR, NUL-terminated.  If no such OR is known, the
      corresponding value is an empty string.

    "network-status" -- a space-separated list of all known OR identities.
      This is in the same format as the router-status line in directories;
      see tor-spec.txt for details.

    "addr-mappings/all"
    "addr-mappings/config"
    "addr-mappings/cache"
    "addr-mappings/control" -- a NL-terminated list of address mappings, each
      in the form of "from-address" SP "to-address".  The 'config' key
      returns those address mappings set in the configuration; the 'cache'
      key returns the mappings in the client-side DNS cache; the 'control'
      key returns the mappings set via the control interface; the 'all'
      target returns the mappings set through any mechanism.

3.13 INFOVALUE (Type 0x000C)

  Sent from the server to the client in response to a GETINFO message.
  Contains one or more items of the format:

     Key          [(NUL-terminated string)]
     Value        [(NUL-terminated string)]

  The keys match those given in the GETINFO message.

3.14 EXTENDCIRCUIT (Type 0x000D)

  Sent from the client to the server.  The message body contains two fields:
      Circuit ID [4 octets]
      Path [NUL-terminated, comma-delimited string of OR nickname/identity]

  This request takes one of two forms: either the Circuit ID is zero, in
  which case it is a request for the server to build a new circuit according
  to the specified path, or the Circuit ID is nonzero, in which case it is a
  request for the server to extend an existing circuit with that ID according
  to the specified path.

  If the request is successful, the server sends a DONE message containing
  a message body consisting of the four-octet Circuit ID of the newly created
  circuit.

3.15 ATTACHSTREAM (Type 0x000E)

  Sent from the client to the server.  The message body contains two fields:
      Stream ID [4 octets]
      Circuit ID [4 octets]

  This message informs the server that the specified stream should be
  associated with the specified circuit.  Each stream may be associated with
  at most one circuit, and multiple streams may share the same circuit.
  Streams can only be attached to completed circuits (that is, circuits that
  have sent a circuit status 'built' event).

  If the circuit ID is 0, responsibility for attaching the given stream is
  returned to Tor.

  {Implementation note: By default, Tor automatically attaches streams to
  circuits itself, unless the configuration variable
  "__LeaveStreamsUnattached" is set to "1".  Attempting to attach streams
  via TC when "__LeaveStreamsUnattached" is false may cause a race between
  Tor and the controller, as both attempt to attach streams to circuits.}

3.16 POSTDESCRIPTOR (Type 0x000F)

  Sent from the client to the server.  The message body contains one field:
      Descriptor [NUL-terminated string]

  This message informs the server about a new descriptor.

  The descriptor, when parsed, must contain a number of well-specified
  fields, including fields for its nickname and identity.

  If there is an error in parsing the descriptor, or if the server rejects
  the descriptor for any reason, the server must send an appropriate error
  message.

3.17 FRAGMENTHEADER (Type 0x0010)

  Sent in either direction.  Used to encapsulate messages longer than 65535
  bytes in length.

      Underlying type [2 bytes]
      Total Length    [4 bytes]
      Data            [Rest of message]

  A FRAGMENTHEADER message MUST be followed immediately by a number of
  FRAGMENT messages, such that lengths of the "Data" fields of the
  FRAGMENTHEADER and FRAGMENT messages add to the "Total Length" field of the
  FRAGMENTHEADER message.

  Implementations MUST NOT fragment messages of length less than 65536 bytes.
  Implementations MUST be able to process fragmented messages that not
  optimally packed.

3.18 FRAGMENT (Type 0x0011)

      Data           [Entire message]

  See FRAGMENTHEADER for more information

3.19 REDIRECTSTREAM (Type 0x0012)

  Sent from the client to the server. The message body contains two fields:
      Stream ID [4 octets]
      Address [variable-length, NUL-terminated.]

  Tells the server to change the exit address on the specified stream.  No
  remapping is performed on the new provided address.

  To be sure that the modified address will be used, this event must be sent
  after a new stream event is received, and before attaching this stream to
  a circuit.

3.20 CLOSESTREAM (Type 0x0013)

  Sent from the client to the server.  The message body contains three
  fields:
      Stream ID [4 octets]
      Reason    [1 octet]
      Flags     [1 octet]

  Tells the server to close the specified stream.  The reason should be
  one of the Tor RELAY_END reasons given in tor-spec.txt.  Flags is not
  used currently.  Tor may hold the stream open for a while to flush
  any data that is pending.

3.21 CLOSECIRCUIT (Type 0x0014)

  Sent from the client to the server.  The message body contains two
  fields:
     Circuit ID [4 octets]
     Flags      [1 octet]

  Tells the server to close the specified circuit.  If the LSB of the flags
  field is nonzero, do not close the circuit unless it is unused.

4. Implementation notes

4.1. There are four ways we could authenticate, for now:

 1) Listen on 127.0.0.1; trust all local users.

 2) Write a named socket in tor's data-directory or in some other location;
    rely on the OS to ensure that only authorized users can open it.  (NOTE:
    the Linux unix(7) man page suggests that some BSDs don't enforce
    authorization.)  If the OS has named sockets, and implements
    authentication, trust all users who can read Tor's data directory.

 3) Write a random magic cookie to the FS in Tor's data-directory; use that
    magic cookie for authentication.  Trust all users who can read Tor's data
    directory.

 4) Store a salted-and-hashed passphrase in Tor's configuration.  Use the
    passphrase for authentication.  Trust all users who know the passphrase.

  On Win32, our only options are 1, 3, and 4.  Since the semantics for 2
  and 3 are so similar, we chose to not support 2, and just always bind
  on 127.0.0.1.  We've implemented 1, 3, and 4.

  By default, the Tor client accepts authentication approach #1. If
  the controller wants Tor to demand more authentication, it should use
  setconf and saveconf to configure Tor to demand more next time.

4.2. Don't let the buffer get too big.

  If you ask for lots of events, and 16MB of them queue up on the buffer,
  the Tor process will close the socket.