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348 lines
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<title>Tor Server Configuration Instructions</title>
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<meta name="Author" content="Roger Dingledine" />
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<a href="/">Home</a>
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<a href="/overview">Overview</a>
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<a href="/download">Download</a>
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<div class="center">
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<div class="main-column">
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<h1>Configuring a <a href="http://tor.eff.org/">Tor</a> server</h1>
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<br />
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<p>
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The Tor network relies on volunteers to donate bandwidth. The more
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people who run servers, the faster the Tor network will be. If you have
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at least 20 kilobytes/s each way, please help out Tor by configuring your
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Tor to be a server too. We have many features that make Tor servers easy
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and convenient, including rate limiting for bandwidth, exit policies so
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you can limit your exposure to abuse complaints, and support for dynamic
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IP addresses.</p>
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<p>Having servers in many different places on the Internet is what
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makes Tor users secure. <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#ServerAnonymity">You
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may also get stronger anonymity yourself</a>,
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since remote sites can't know whether connections originated at your
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computer or were relayed from others.</p>
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<p>Setting up a Tor server is easy and convenient:
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<ul>
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<li>Tor has built-in support for <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#LimitBandwidth">rate
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limiting</a>. Further, if you have a fast link
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but want to limit the number of bytes per day
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(or week or month) that you donate, check out the <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#Hibernation">hibernation
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feature</a>.
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</li>
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<li>Each Tor server has an <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#RunAServerBut">exit
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policy</a> that specifies what sort of outbound connections are allowed
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or refused from that server. If you are uncomfortable allowing people
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to exit from your server, you can set it up to only allow connections
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to other Tor servers.
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</li>
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<li>It's fine if the server goes offline sometimes. The directories
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notice this quickly and stop advertising the server. Just try to make
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sure it's not too often, since connections using the server when it
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disconnects will break.
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</li>
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<li>We can handle servers with dynamic IPs just fine, as long as the
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server itself knows its IP. Have a look at this
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<a href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#DynamicIP">
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entry in the FAQ</a>.
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</li>
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<li>If your server is behind a NAT and it doesn't know its public
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IP (e.g. it has an IP of 192.168.x.y), you'll need to set up port
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forwarding. Forwarding TCP connections is system dependent but <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#ServerForFirewalledCli
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ents">this FAQ entry</a> offers some examples on how to do this.
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</li>
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<li>Your server will passively estimate and advertise its recent
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bandwidth capacity, so high-bandwidth servers will attract more users than
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low-bandwidth ones. Therefore having low-bandwidth servers is useful too.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>You can run a Tor server on
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pretty much any operating system, but see <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#ServerOS">this
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FAQ entry</a> for advice about which ones work best and other problems
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you might encounter.</p>
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<hr />
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<a id="zero"></a>
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<h2><a class="anchor" href="#zero">Step Zero: Download and Install Tor</a></h2>
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<br />
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<p>Before you start, you need to make sure that Tor is up and running.
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</p>
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<p>For Windows users, this means at least <a
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href="http://tor.eff.org/doc/tor-doc-win32.html#installing">step one</a>
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of the Windows Tor installation howto. Mac OS X users need to do at least
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<a href="http://tor.eff.org/doc/tor-doc-osx.html#installing">step one</a>
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of OS X Tor installation howto. Linux/BSD/Unix users should do at least
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<a href="http://tor.eff.org/doc/tor-doc-unix.html#installing">step one</a>
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of the Unix Tor installation howto.
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</p>
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<p>If it's convenient, you might also want to use it as a client for a
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while to make sure it's actually working.</p>
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<hr />
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<a id="one"></a>
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<h2><a class="anchor" href="#one">Step One: Set it up as a server</a></h2>
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<br />
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<p>
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1. Verify that your clock is set correctly. If possible, synchronize
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your clock with public time servers.
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</p>
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<p>
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2. Make sure name resolution works (that is, your computer can resolve addresses correctly).
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</p>
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<p>
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3. Edit the bottom part of your torrc. (See <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/wiki/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#torrc">this
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FAQ entry</a> for help.)
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Make sure to define at least Nickname and ORPort. Create the DataDirectory
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if necessary, and make sure it's owned by the user that will be running
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tor. <em>If you want to run more than one server that's great, but
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please set <a href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#MultipleServers">the
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MyFamily option</a> in all your servers' configuration files.</em>
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</p>
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<p>
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4. If you are using a firewall, open a hole in your firewall so
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incoming connections can reach the ports you configured (ORPort, plus
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DirPort if you enabled it). Make sure you allow all outgoing connections,
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so your server can reach the other Tor servers.
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</p>
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<p>
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5. Start your server: if you installed from source you can just
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run <tt>tor</tt>, whereas packages typically launch Tor from their
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initscripts or startup scripts. If it logs any warnings, address them. (By
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default Tor logs to stdout, but some packages log to <tt>/var/log/tor/</tt>
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instead. You can edit your torrc to configure log locations.)
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</p>
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<p>
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6. Subscribe to the <a
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href="http://archives.seul.org/or/announce/">or-announce</a>
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mailing list. It is very low volume, and it will keep you informed
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of new stable releases. You might also consider subscribing to <a
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href="http://archives.seul.org/or/talk/">or-talk</a> (higher volume),
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where new development releases are announced.
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</p>
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<p>
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7. Have a look at the manual.
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The <a href="http://tor.eff.org/tor-manual.html.en">manual</a> for the
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latest stable version provides detailed instructions for how to install
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and use Tor, including configuration of client and server options.
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If you are running the CVS version the manual is available
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<a href="http://tor.eff.org/tor-manual-cvs.html.en">here</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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8. Read
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<a href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/OperationalSecurity">this document</a>
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to get ideas how you can increase the security of your server.
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<hr />
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<a id="two"></a>
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<h2><a class="anchor" href="#two">Step Two: Make sure it's working</a></h2>
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<br />
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<p>As soon as your server manages to connect to the network, it will
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try to determine whether the ports you configured are reachable from
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the outside. This may take up to 20 minutes. Look for a log entry like
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<tt>Self-testing indicates your ORPort is reachable from the outside. Excellent.</tt>
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If you don't see this message, it means that your server is not reachable
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from the outside — you should re-check your firewalls, check that it's
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testing the IP and port you think it should be testing, etc.
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</p>
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<p>When it decides that it's reachable, it will upload a "server
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descriptor" to the directories. This will let clients know
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what address, ports, keys, etc your server is using. You can <a
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href="http://belegost.seul.org/">load the directory manually</a> and
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look through it to find the nickname you configured, to make sure it's
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there. You may need to wait a few seconds to give enough time for it to
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make a fresh directory.</p>
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<hr />
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<a id="three"></a>
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<h2><a class="anchor" href="#three">Step Three: Register your nickname</a></h2>
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<br />
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<p>
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Once you are convinced it's working (after a day or two maybe), you should
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register your server.
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This reserves your nickname so nobody else can take it, and lets us
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contact you if you need to upgrade or something goes wrong.
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</p>
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<p>
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Send mail to <a
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href="mailto:tor-ops@freehaven.net">tor-ops@freehaven.net</a> with a
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subject of '[New Server] <your server's nickname>' and
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include the following information in the message:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Your server's nickname</li>
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<li>The fingerprint for your server's key (the contents of the
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"fingerprint" file in your DataDirectory — on Windows, look in
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\<i>username</i>\Application Data\tor\ or \Application Data\tor\;
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on OS X, look in /Library/Tor/var/lib/tor/; and on Linux/BSD/Unix,
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look in /var/lib/tor or ~/.tor)
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</li>
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<li>Who you are, so we know whom to contact if a problem arises</li>
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<li>What kind of connectivity the new server will have</li>
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</ul>
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<hr />
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<a id="four"></a>
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<h2><a class="anchor" href="#four">Step Four: Once it's working</a></h2>
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<br />
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<p>
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We recommend the following steps as well:
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</p>
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<p>
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6. Decide what exit policy you want. By default your server allows
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access to many popular services, but we restrict some (such as port 25)
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due to abuse potential. You might want an exit policy that is
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less restrictive or more restrictive; edit your torrc appropriately.
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Read the FAQ entry on <a
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href="http://tor.eff.org/faq-abuse.html#TypicalAbuses">issues you might
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encounter if you use the default exit policy</a>.
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If you choose a particularly open exit policy, you should make
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sure your ISP is ok with that choice.
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</p>
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<p>
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7. Decide about rate limiting. Cable modem, DSL, and other users
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who have asymmetric bandwidth (e.g. more down than up) should
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rate limit to their slower bandwidth, to avoid congestion. See the <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#LimitBandwidth">rate
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limiting FAQ entry</a> for details.
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</p>
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<p>
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8. If you control the name servers for your domain, consider setting
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your hostname to 'anonymous' or 'proxy' or 'tor-proxy', so when other
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people see the address in their web logs, they will more quickly
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understand what's going on.
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</p>
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<p>
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9. If your computer isn't running a webserver, please consider
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changing your ORPort to 443 and your DirPort to 80. Many Tor
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users are stuck behind firewalls that only let them browse the
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web, and this change will let them reach your Tor server. Win32
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servers can simply change their ORPort and DirPort directly
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in their torrc and restart Tor. OS X or Unix servers can't bind
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directly to these ports (since they don't run as root), so they will
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need to set up some sort of <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/wiki/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#ServerForFirewalledClients">
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port forwarding</a> so connections can reach their Tor server. If you are
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using ports 80 and 443 already but still want to help out, other useful
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ports are 22, 110, and 143.
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</p>
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<p>
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10. If your Tor server provides other services on the same IP address
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— such as a public webserver — make sure that connections to the
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webserver are allowed from the local host too. You need to allow these
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connections because Tor clients will detect that your Tor server is the <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#ExitEavesdroppers">safest
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way to reach that webserver</a>, and always build a circuit that ends
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at your server. If you don't want to allow the connections, you must
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explicitly reject them in your exit policy.
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</p>
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<p>
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11. (Unix only). Make a separate user to run the server. If you
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installed the OS X package or the deb or the rpm, this is already
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done. Otherwise, you can do it by hand. (The Tor server doesn't need to
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be run as root, so it's good practice to not run it as root. Running
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as a 'tor' user avoids issues with identd and other services that
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detect user name. If you're the paranoid sort, feel free to <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/wiki/TheOnionRouter/TorInChroot">put Tor
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into a chroot jail</a>.)
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</p>
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<p>
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12. (Unix only.) Your operating system probably limits the number
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of open file descriptors per process to 1024 (or even less). If you
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plan to be running a fast exit node, this is probably not enough. On
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Linux, you should add a line like "toruser hard nofile 8192" to your
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/etc/security/limits.conf file (where toruser is the user that runs the
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Tor process), and then restart Tor if it's installed as a package (or log
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out and log back in if you run it yourself). If that doesn't work, see <a
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href="http://wiki.noreply.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#FileDescriptors">this
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FAQ entry</a> for other suggested ways to run "ulimit -n 8192" before
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you launch Tor.
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</p>
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<p>
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13. If you installed Tor via some package or installer, it probably starts
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Tor for you automatically on boot. But if you installed from source,
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you may find the initscripts in contrib/tor.sh or contrib/torctl useful.
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</p>
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When you change your Tor configuration, be sure to restart Tor, and
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remember to verify that your server still works correctly after the
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change.
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<hr />
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<p>If you have suggestions for improving this document, please post
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them on <a href="http://bugs.noreply.org/tor">our bugtracker</a> in the
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website category. Thanks!</p>
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<i><a href="/contact"
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class="smalllink">Webmaster</a></i> - $Id$
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