/* Copyright 2003-2004 Roger Dingledine. * Copyright 2004-2006 Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson. */ /* See LICENSE for licensing information */ /* $Id$ */ const char dns_c_id[] = "$Id$"; /** * \file dns.c * \brief Implements a farm of 'DNS worker' threads or processes to * perform DNS lookups for onion routers and cache the results. * [This needs to be done in the background because of the lack of a * good, ubiquitous asynchronous DNS implementation.] **/ /* See * http://elvin.dstc.com/ListArchive/elvin-dev/archive/2001/09/msg00027.html * for some approaches to asynchronous dns. We will want to switch once one of * them becomes more commonly available. */ #include "or.h" #include "../common/ht.h" #ifdef USE_EVENTDNS #include "eventdns.h" #endif /** Longest hostname we're willing to resolve. */ #define MAX_ADDRESSLEN 256 /** Maximum DNS processes to spawn. */ #define MAX_DNSWORKERS 100 /** Minimum DNS processes to spawn. */ #define MIN_DNSWORKERS 3 /** If more than this many processes are idle, shut down the extras. */ #define MAX_IDLE_DNSWORKERS 10 /** Possible outcomes from hostname lookup: permanent failure, * transient (retryable) failure, and success. */ #define DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_TRANSIENT 1 #define DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_PERMANENT 2 #define DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED 3 #ifndef USE_EVENTDNS /** How many dnsworkers we have running right now. */ static int num_dnsworkers=0; /** How many of the running dnsworkers have an assigned task right now. */ static int num_dnsworkers_busy=0; /** When did we last rotate the dnsworkers? */ static time_t last_rotation_time=0; #endif /** Linked list of connections waiting for a DNS answer. */ typedef struct pending_connection_t { connection_t *conn; struct pending_connection_t *next; } pending_connection_t; #define CACHED_RESOLVE_MAGIC 0x1234F00D /** A DNS request: possibly completed, possibly pending; cached_resolve * structs are stored at the OR side in a hash table, and as a linked * list from oldest to newest. */ typedef struct cached_resolve_t { HT_ENTRY(cached_resolve_t) node; uint32_t magic; char address[MAX_ADDRESSLEN]; /**< The hostname to be resolved. */ uint32_t addr; /**< IPv4 addr for address. */ char state; /**< 0 is pending; 1 means answer is valid; 2 means resolve * failed. */ #define CACHE_STATE_PENDING 0 #define CACHE_STATE_VALID 1 #define CACHE_STATE_FAILED 2 uint32_t expire; /**< Remove items from cache after this time. */ uint32_t ttl; /**< What TTL did the nameserver tell us? */ pending_connection_t *pending_connections; struct cached_resolve_t *next; } cached_resolve_t; static void purge_expired_resolves(uint32_t now); static void dns_purge_resolve(cached_resolve_t *resolve); static void dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint32_t addr, char outcome, uint32_t ttl); static void send_resolved_cell(connection_t *conn, uint8_t answer_type); static int assign_to_dnsworker(connection_t *exitconn); #ifndef USE_EVENTDNS static int dnsworker_main(void *data); static int spawn_dnsworker(void); static int spawn_enough_dnsworkers(void); #endif static void assert_cache_ok(void); static void assert_resolve_ok(cached_resolve_t *resolve); /** Hash table of cached_resolve objects. */ static HT_HEAD(cache_map, cached_resolve_t) cache_root; /** Function to compare hashed resolves on their addresses; used to * implement hash tables. */ static INLINE int cached_resolves_eq(cached_resolve_t *a, cached_resolve_t *b) { /* make this smarter one day? */ assert_resolve_ok(a); // Not b; b may be just a search. return !strncmp(a->address, b->address, MAX_ADDRESSLEN); } static INLINE unsigned int cached_resolve_hash(cached_resolve_t *a) { return ht_string_hash(a->address); } HT_PROTOTYPE(cache_map, cached_resolve_t, node, cached_resolve_hash, cached_resolves_eq); HT_GENERATE(cache_map, cached_resolve_t, node, cached_resolve_hash, cached_resolves_eq, 0.6, malloc, realloc, free); /** Initialize the DNS cache. */ static void init_cache_map(void) { HT_INIT(&cache_root); } #ifdef USE_EVENTDNS static void eventdns_log_cb(const char *msg) { if (!strcmpstart(msg, "Resolve requested for") && get_options()->SafeLogging) { log(LOG_INFO, LD_EXIT, "eventdns: Resolve requested."); return; } log(LOG_INFO, LD_EXIT, "eventdns: %s", msg); } #endif /** Initialize the DNS subsystem; called by the OR process. */ void dns_init(void) { init_cache_map(); dnsworkers_rotate(); #ifdef USE_EVENTDNS { or_options_t *options = get_options(); eventdns_set_log_fn(eventdns_log_cb); if (options->Nameservers && smartlist_len(options->Nameservers)) { SMARTLIST_FOREACH(options->Nameservers, const char *, ip, { struct in_addr in; log_info(LD_EXIT, "Parsing /etc/resolv.conf"); if (tor_inet_aton(ip, &in)) { log_info(LD_EXIT, "Adding nameserver '%s'", ip); eventdns_nameserver_add(in.s_addr); } }); } else { log_info(LD_EXIT, "Parsing /etc/resolv.conf"); eventdns_resolv_conf_parse(DNS_OPTION_NAMESERVERS|DNS_OPTION_MISC, "/etc/resolv.conf"); } } #endif } uint32_t dns_clip_ttl(uint32_t ttl) { if (ttl < MIN_DNS_TTL) return MIN_DNS_TTL; else if (ttl > MAX_DNS_TTL) return MAX_DNS_TTL; else return ttl; } static uint32_t dns_get_expiry_ttl(uint32_t ttl) { if (ttl < MIN_DNS_TTL) return MIN_DNS_TTL; else if (ttl > MAX_DNS_ENTRY_AGE) return MAX_DNS_ENTRY_AGE; else return ttl; } /** Helper: free storage held by an entry in the DNS cache. */ static void _free_cached_resolve(cached_resolve_t *r) { while (r->pending_connections) { pending_connection_t *victim = r->pending_connections; r->pending_connections = victim->next; tor_free(victim); } r->magic = 0xFF00FF00; tor_free(r); } /** Free all storage held in the DNS cache */ void dns_free_all(void) { cached_resolve_t **ptr, **next, *item; for (ptr = HT_START(cache_map, &cache_root); ptr != NULL; ptr = next) { item = *ptr; next = HT_NEXT_RMV(cache_map, &cache_root, ptr); _free_cached_resolve(item); } HT_CLEAR(cache_map, &cache_root); } /** Linked list of resolved addresses, oldest to newest. */ static cached_resolve_t *oldest_cached_resolve = NULL; static cached_resolve_t *newest_cached_resolve = NULL; /** Remove every cached_resolve whose expire time is before now * from the cache. */ static void purge_expired_resolves(uint32_t now) { cached_resolve_t *resolve; pending_connection_t *pend; connection_t *pendconn; /* this is fast because the linked list * oldest_cached_resolve is ordered by when they came in. */ while (oldest_cached_resolve && (oldest_cached_resolve->expire < now)) { resolve = oldest_cached_resolve; log_debug(LD_EXIT, "Forgetting old cached resolve (address %s, expires %lu)", escaped_safe_str(resolve->address), (unsigned long)resolve->expire); if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_PENDING) { log_debug(LD_EXIT, "Bug: Expiring a dns resolve %s that's still pending." " Forgot to cull it?", escaped_safe_str(resolve->address)); tor_fragile_assert(); } if (resolve->pending_connections) { log_debug(LD_EXIT, "Closing pending connections on expiring DNS resolve!"); tor_fragile_assert(); while (resolve->pending_connections) { pend = resolve->pending_connections; resolve->pending_connections = pend->next; /* Connections should only be pending if they have no socket. */ tor_assert(pend->conn->s == -1); pendconn = pend->conn; connection_edge_end(pendconn, END_STREAM_REASON_TIMEOUT, pendconn->cpath_layer); circuit_detach_stream(circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn), pendconn); connection_free(pendconn); tor_free(pend); } } oldest_cached_resolve = resolve->next; if (!oldest_cached_resolve) /* if there are no more, */ newest_cached_resolve = NULL; /* then make sure the list's tail knows * that too */ HT_REMOVE(cache_map, &cache_root, resolve); resolve->magic = 0xF0BBF0BB; tor_free(resolve); } } /** Send a response to the RESOVLE request of a connection. answer_type must * be one of RESOLVED_TYPE_(IPV4|ERROR|ERROR_TRANSIENT) */ static void send_resolved_cell(connection_t *conn, uint8_t answer_type) { char buf[RELAY_PAYLOAD_SIZE]; size_t buflen; uint32_t ttl; buf[0] = answer_type; ttl = dns_clip_ttl(conn->address_ttl); switch (answer_type) { case RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4: buf[1] = 4; set_uint32(buf+2, htonl(conn->addr)); set_uint32(buf+6, htonl(ttl)); buflen = 10; break; case RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT: case RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR: { const char *errmsg = "Error resolving hostname"; int msglen = strlen(errmsg); buf[1] = msglen; strlcpy(buf+2, errmsg, sizeof(buf)-2); set_uint32(buf+2+msglen, htonl(ttl)); buflen = 6+msglen; break; } default: tor_assert(0); } connection_edge_send_command(conn, circuit_get_by_edge_conn(conn), RELAY_COMMAND_RESOLVED, buf, buflen, conn->cpath_layer); } /** Link r into the hash table of address-to-result mappings, and add it * to the linked list of resolves-by-age. */ static void insert_resolve(cached_resolve_t *r) { /* add us to the linked list of resolves */ if (!oldest_cached_resolve) { oldest_cached_resolve = r; } else { newest_cached_resolve->next = r; } newest_cached_resolve = r; HT_INSERT(cache_map, &cache_root, r); } /** See if we have a cache entry for exitconn-\>address. if so, * if resolve valid, put it into exitconn-\>addr and return 1. * If resolve failed, unlink exitconn if needed, free it, and return -1. * * Else, if seen before and pending, add conn to the pending list, * and return 0. * * Else, if not seen before, add conn to pending list, hand to * dns farm, and return 0. */ int dns_resolve(connection_t *exitconn) { cached_resolve_t *resolve; cached_resolve_t search; pending_connection_t *pending_connection; struct in_addr in; circuit_t *circ; uint32_t now = time(NULL); assert_connection_ok(exitconn, 0); tor_assert(exitconn->s == -1); assert_cache_ok(); /* first check if exitconn->address is an IP. If so, we already * know the answer. */ if (tor_inet_aton(exitconn->address, &in) != 0) { exitconn->addr = ntohl(in.s_addr); exitconn->address_ttl = DEFAULT_DNS_TTL; if (exitconn->purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE) send_resolved_cell(exitconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4); return 1; } /* then take this opportunity to see if there are any expired * resolves in the hash table. */ purge_expired_resolves(now); /* lower-case exitconn->address, so it's in canonical form */ tor_strlower(exitconn->address); /* now check the hash table to see if 'address' is already there. */ strlcpy(search.address, exitconn->address, sizeof(search.address)); resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search); if (resolve && resolve->expire > now) { /* already there */ switch (resolve->state) { case CACHE_STATE_PENDING: /* add us to the pending list */ pending_connection = tor_malloc_zero( sizeof(pending_connection_t)); pending_connection->conn = exitconn; pending_connection->next = resolve->pending_connections; resolve->pending_connections = pending_connection; log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Connection (fd %d) waiting for pending DNS " "resolve of %s", exitconn->s, escaped_safe_str(exitconn->address)); exitconn->state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING; return 0; case CACHE_STATE_VALID: exitconn->addr = resolve->addr; exitconn->address_ttl = resolve->ttl; log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Connection (fd %d) found cached answer for %s", exitconn->s, escaped_safe_str(exitconn->address)); if (exitconn->purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE) send_resolved_cell(exitconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4); return 1; case CACHE_STATE_FAILED: log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Connection (fd %d) found cached error for %s", exitconn->s, escaped_safe_str(exitconn->address)); if (exitconn->purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE) send_resolved_cell(exitconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR); circ = circuit_get_by_edge_conn(exitconn); if (circ) circuit_detach_stream(circ, exitconn); if (!exitconn->marked_for_close) connection_free(exitconn); return -1; } tor_assert(0); } /* not there, need to add it */ resolve = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(cached_resolve_t)); resolve->magic = CACHED_RESOLVE_MAGIC; resolve->state = CACHE_STATE_PENDING; resolve->expire = now + DEFAULT_DNS_TTL; /* this will get replaced. */ strlcpy(resolve->address, exitconn->address, sizeof(resolve->address)); /* add us to the pending list */ pending_connection = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(pending_connection_t)); pending_connection->conn = exitconn; resolve->pending_connections = pending_connection; exitconn->state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING; insert_resolve(resolve); log_debug(LD_EXIT,"Assigning question %s to dnsworker.", escaped_safe_str(exitconn->address)); assert_cache_ok(); return assign_to_dnsworker(exitconn); } /** Log an error and abort if conn is waiting for a DNS resolve. */ void assert_connection_edge_not_dns_pending(connection_t *conn) { pending_connection_t *pend; cached_resolve_t **resolve; HT_FOREACH(resolve, cache_map, &cache_root) { for (pend = (*resolve)->pending_connections; pend; pend = pend->next) { tor_assert(pend->conn != conn); } } } /** Log an error and abort if any connection waiting for a DNS resolve is * corrupted. */ void assert_all_pending_dns_resolves_ok(void) { pending_connection_t *pend; cached_resolve_t **resolve; HT_FOREACH(resolve, cache_map, &cache_root) { for (pend = (*resolve)->pending_connections; pend; pend = pend->next) { assert_connection_ok(pend->conn, 0); tor_assert(pend->conn->s == -1); tor_assert(!connection_in_array(pend->conn)); } } } /** Remove conn from the list of connections waiting for conn-\>address. */ void connection_dns_remove(connection_t *conn) { pending_connection_t *pend, *victim; cached_resolve_t search; cached_resolve_t *resolve; tor_assert(conn->type == CONN_TYPE_EXIT); tor_assert(conn->state == EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING); strlcpy(search.address, conn->address, sizeof(search.address)); resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search); if (!resolve) { log_notice(LD_BUG, "Address %s is not pending. Dropping.", escaped_safe_str(conn->address)); return; } tor_assert(resolve->pending_connections); assert_connection_ok(conn,0); pend = resolve->pending_connections; if (pend->conn == conn) { resolve->pending_connections = pend->next; tor_free(pend); log_debug(LD_EXIT, "First connection (fd %d) no longer waiting " "for resolve of %s", conn->s, escaped_safe_str(conn->address)); return; } else { for ( ; pend->next; pend = pend->next) { if (pend->next->conn == conn) { victim = pend->next; pend->next = victim->next; tor_free(victim); log_debug(LD_EXIT, "Connection (fd %d) no longer waiting for resolve of %s", conn->s, escaped_safe_str(conn->address)); return; /* more are pending */ } } tor_assert(0); /* not reachable unless onlyconn not in pending list */ } } /** Mark all connections waiting for address for close. Then cancel * the resolve for address itself, and remove any cached results for * address from the cache. */ void dns_cancel_pending_resolve(char *address) { pending_connection_t *pend; cached_resolve_t search; cached_resolve_t *resolve; connection_t *pendconn; circuit_t *circ; strlcpy(search.address, address, sizeof(search.address)); resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search); if (!resolve) { log_notice(LD_BUG,"Address %s is not pending. Dropping.", escaped_safe_str(address)); return; } if (!resolve->pending_connections) { /* XXX this should never trigger, but sometimes it does */ log_warn(LD_BUG, "Bug: Address %s is pending but has no pending connections!", escaped_safe_str(address)); tor_fragile_assert(); return; } tor_assert(resolve->pending_connections); /* mark all pending connections to fail */ log_debug(LD_EXIT, "Failing all connections waiting on DNS resolve of %s", escaped_safe_str(address)); while (resolve->pending_connections) { pend = resolve->pending_connections; pend->conn->state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED; pendconn = pend->conn; tor_assert(pendconn->s == -1); if (!pendconn->marked_for_close) { connection_edge_end(pendconn, END_STREAM_REASON_RESOURCELIMIT, pendconn->cpath_layer); } circ = circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn); if (circ) circuit_detach_stream(circ, pendconn); connection_free(pendconn); resolve->pending_connections = pend->next; tor_free(pend); } dns_purge_resolve(resolve); } /** Remove resolve from the cache. */ static void dns_purge_resolve(cached_resolve_t *resolve) { cached_resolve_t *tmp; /* remove resolve from the linked list */ if (resolve == oldest_cached_resolve) { oldest_cached_resolve = resolve->next; if (oldest_cached_resolve == NULL) newest_cached_resolve = NULL; } else { /* FFFF make it a doubly linked list if this becomes too slow */ for (tmp=oldest_cached_resolve; tmp && tmp->next != resolve; tmp=tmp->next) ; tor_assert(tmp); /* it's got to be in the list, or we screwed up somewhere * else */ tmp->next = resolve->next; /* unlink it */ if (newest_cached_resolve == resolve) newest_cached_resolve = tmp; } /* remove resolve from the map */ HT_REMOVE(cache_map, &cache_root, resolve); resolve->magic = 0xAAAAAAAA; tor_free(resolve); } /** Called on the OR side when a DNS worker tells us the outcome of a DNS * resolve: tell all pending connections about the result of the lookup, and * cache the value. (address is a NUL-terminated string containing the * address to look up; addr is an IPv4 address in host order; * outcome is one of * DNS_RESOLVE_{FAILED_TRANSIENT|FAILED_PERMANENT|SUCCEEDED}. */ static void dns_found_answer(const char *address, uint32_t addr, char outcome, uint32_t ttl) { pending_connection_t *pend; cached_resolve_t search; cached_resolve_t *resolve; connection_t *pendconn; circuit_t *circ; assert_cache_ok(); strlcpy(search.address, address, sizeof(search.address)); resolve = HT_FIND(cache_map, &cache_root, &search); if (!resolve) { log_info(LD_EXIT,"Resolved unasked address %s; caching anyway.", escaped_safe_str(address)); resolve = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(cached_resolve_t)); resolve->magic = CACHED_RESOLVE_MAGIC; resolve->state = (outcome == DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED) ? CACHE_STATE_VALID : CACHE_STATE_FAILED; strlcpy(resolve->address, address, sizeof(resolve->address)); resolve->addr = addr; resolve->expire = time(NULL) + dns_get_expiry_ttl(ttl); resolve->ttl = ttl; insert_resolve(resolve); return; } if (resolve->state != CACHE_STATE_PENDING) { /* XXXX Maybe update addr? or check addr for consistency? Or let * VALID replace FAILED? */ log_notice(LD_EXIT, "Resolved %s which was already resolved; ignoring", escaped_safe_str(address)); tor_assert(resolve->pending_connections == NULL); return; } /* Removed this assertion: in fact, we'll sometimes get a double answer * to the same question. This can happen when we ask one worker to resolve * X.Y.Z., then we cancel the request, and then we ask another worker to * resolve X.Y.Z. */ /* tor_assert(resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_PENDING); */ resolve->addr = addr; resolve->expire = time(NULL) + dns_get_expiry_ttl(ttl); resolve->ttl = ttl; if (outcome == DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED) resolve->state = CACHE_STATE_VALID; else resolve->state = CACHE_STATE_FAILED; while (resolve->pending_connections) { pend = resolve->pending_connections; assert_connection_ok(pend->conn,time(NULL)); pend->conn->addr = resolve->addr; pend->conn->address_ttl = resolve->ttl; pendconn = pend->conn; /* don't pass complex things to the connection_mark_for_close macro */ if (resolve->state == CACHE_STATE_FAILED) { /* prevent double-remove. */ pendconn->state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED; if (pendconn->purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT) { connection_edge_end(pendconn, END_STREAM_REASON_RESOLVEFAILED, pendconn->cpath_layer); /* This detach must happen after we send the end cell. */ circuit_detach_stream(circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn), pendconn); } else { send_resolved_cell(pendconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR); /* This detach must happen after we send the resolved cell. */ circuit_detach_stream(circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn), pendconn); } connection_free(pendconn); } else { if (pendconn->purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_CONNECT) { /* prevent double-remove. */ pend->conn->state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_CONNECTING; circ = circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pend->conn); tor_assert(circ); /* unlink pend->conn from resolving_streams, */ circuit_detach_stream(circ, pend->conn); /* and link it to n_streams */ pend->conn->next_stream = circ->n_streams; pend->conn->on_circuit = circ; circ->n_streams = pend->conn; connection_exit_connect(pend->conn); } else { /* prevent double-remove. This isn't really an accurate state, * but it does the right thing. */ pendconn->state = EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVEFAILED; send_resolved_cell(pendconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_IPV4); circ = circuit_get_by_edge_conn(pendconn); tor_assert(circ); circuit_detach_stream(circ, pendconn); connection_free(pendconn); } } resolve->pending_connections = pend->next; tor_free(pend); } if (outcome == DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_TRANSIENT) { /* remove from cache */ dns_purge_resolve(resolve); } assert_cache_ok(); } #ifndef USE_EVENTDNS /** Find or spawn a dns worker process to handle resolving * exitconn-\>address; tell that dns worker to begin resolving. */ static int assign_to_dnsworker(connection_t *exitconn) { connection_t *dnsconn; unsigned char len; tor_assert(exitconn->state == EXIT_CONN_STATE_RESOLVING); tor_assert(exitconn->s == -1); /* respawn here, to be sure there are enough */ if (spawn_enough_dnsworkers() < 0) { goto err; } dnsconn = connection_get_by_type_state(CONN_TYPE_DNSWORKER, DNSWORKER_STATE_IDLE); if (!dnsconn) { log_warn(LD_EXIT,"no idle dns workers. Failing."); if (exitconn->purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE) send_resolved_cell(exitconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT); goto err; } log_debug(LD_EXIT, "Connection (fd %d) needs to resolve %s; assigning " "to DNSWorker (fd %d)", exitconn->s, escaped_safe_str(exitconn->address), dnsconn->s); tor_free(dnsconn->address); dnsconn->address = tor_strdup(exitconn->address); dnsconn->state = DNSWORKER_STATE_BUSY; /* touch the lastwritten timestamp, since that's how we check to * see how long it's been since we asked the question, and sometimes * we check before the first call to connection_handle_write(). */ dnsconn->timestamp_lastwritten = time(NULL); num_dnsworkers_busy++; len = strlen(dnsconn->address); connection_write_to_buf((char*)&len, 1, dnsconn); connection_write_to_buf(dnsconn->address, len, dnsconn); return 0; err: dns_cancel_pending_resolve(exitconn->address); /* also sends end and frees */ return -1; } /******************************************************************/ /* * Connection between OR and dnsworker */ /** Write handler: called when we've pushed a request to a dnsworker. */ int connection_dns_finished_flushing(connection_t *conn) { tor_assert(conn); tor_assert(conn->type == CONN_TYPE_DNSWORKER); connection_stop_writing(conn); return 0; } int connection_dns_reached_eof(connection_t *conn) { log_warn(LD_EXIT,"Read eof. Worker died unexpectedly."); if (conn->state == DNSWORKER_STATE_BUSY) { /* don't cancel the resolve here -- it would be cancelled in * connection_about_to_close_connection(), since conn is still * in state BUSY */ num_dnsworkers_busy--; } num_dnsworkers--; connection_mark_for_close(conn); return 0; } /** Read handler: called when we get data from a dnsworker. See * if we have a complete answer. If so, call dns_found_answer on the * result. If not, wait. Returns 0. */ int connection_dns_process_inbuf(connection_t *conn) { char success; uint32_t addr; int ttl; tor_assert(conn); tor_assert(conn->type == CONN_TYPE_DNSWORKER); if (conn->state != DNSWORKER_STATE_BUSY && buf_datalen(conn->inbuf)) { log_warn(LD_BUG, "Bug: read data (%d bytes) from an idle dns worker (fd %d, " "address %s). Please report.", (int)buf_datalen(conn->inbuf), conn->s, escaped_safe_str(conn->address)); tor_fragile_assert(); /* Pull it off the buffer anyway, or it will just stay there. * Keep pulling things off because sometimes we get several * answers at once (!). */ while (buf_datalen(conn->inbuf)) { connection_fetch_from_buf(&success,1,conn); connection_fetch_from_buf((char *)&addr,sizeof(uint32_t),conn); log_warn(LD_EXIT,"Discarding idle dns answer (success %d, addr %d.)", success, addr); } return 0; } if (buf_datalen(conn->inbuf) < 5) /* entire answer available? */ return 0; /* not yet */ tor_assert(conn->state == DNSWORKER_STATE_BUSY); tor_assert(buf_datalen(conn->inbuf) == 5); connection_fetch_from_buf(&success,1,conn); connection_fetch_from_buf((char *)&addr,sizeof(uint32_t),conn); log_debug(LD_EXIT, "DNSWorker (fd %d) returned answer for %s", conn->s, escaped_safe_str(conn->address)); tor_assert(success >= DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_TRANSIENT); tor_assert(success <= DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED); ttl = (success == DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_TRANSIENT) ? 0 : MAX_DNS_ENTRY_AGE; dns_found_answer(conn->address, ntohl(addr), success, ttl); tor_free(conn->address); conn->address = tor_strdup(""); conn->state = DNSWORKER_STATE_IDLE; num_dnsworkers_busy--; if (conn->timestamp_created < last_rotation_time) { connection_mark_for_close(conn); num_dnsworkers--; spawn_enough_dnsworkers(); } return 0; } /** Close and re-open all idle dnsworkers; schedule busy ones to be closed * and re-opened once they're no longer busy. **/ void dnsworkers_rotate(void) { connection_t *dnsconn; while ((dnsconn = connection_get_by_type_state(CONN_TYPE_DNSWORKER, DNSWORKER_STATE_IDLE))) { connection_mark_for_close(dnsconn); num_dnsworkers--; } last_rotation_time = time(NULL); if (server_mode(get_options())) spawn_enough_dnsworkers(); } /** Implementation for DNS workers; this code runs in a separate * execution context. It takes as its argument an fdarray as returned * by socketpair(), and communicates via fdarray[1]. The protocol is * as follows: * - The OR says: * - ADDRESSLEN [1 byte] * - ADDRESS [ADDRESSLEN bytes] * - The DNS worker does the lookup, and replies: * - OUTCOME [1 byte] * - IP [4 bytes] * * OUTCOME is one of DNS_RESOLVE_{FAILED_TRANSIENT|FAILED_PERMANENT|SUCCEEDED}. * IP is in host order. * * The dnsworker runs indefinitely, until its connection is closed or an error * occurs. */ static int dnsworker_main(void *data) { char address[MAX_ADDRESSLEN]; unsigned char address_len; char *log_address; char answer[5]; uint32_t ip; int *fdarray = data; int fd; int result; /* log_fn(LOG_NOTICE,"After spawn: fdarray @%d has %d:%d", (int)fdarray, * fdarray[0],fdarray[1]); */ fd = fdarray[1]; /* this side is ours */ #ifndef TOR_IS_MULTITHREADED tor_close_socket(fdarray[0]); /* this is the side of the socketpair the * parent uses */ tor_free_all(1); /* so the child doesn't hold the parent's fd's open */ handle_signals(0); /* ignore interrupts from the keyboard, etc */ #endif tor_free(data); for (;;) { int r; if ((r = recv(fd, &address_len, 1, 0)) != 1) { if (r == 0) { log_info(LD_EXIT,"DNS worker exiting because Tor process closed " "connection (either pruned idle dnsworker or died)."); } else { log_info(LD_EXIT,"DNS worker exiting because of error on connection " "to Tor process."); log_info(LD_EXIT,"(Error on %d was %s)", fd, tor_socket_strerror(tor_socket_errno(fd))); } tor_close_socket(fd); crypto_thread_cleanup(); spawn_exit(); } if (address_len && read_all(fd, address, address_len, 1) != address_len) { log_err(LD_BUG,"read hostname failed. Child exiting."); tor_close_socket(fd); crypto_thread_cleanup(); spawn_exit(); } address[address_len] = 0; /* nul terminate it */ log_address = esc_for_log(safe_str(address)); result = tor_lookup_hostname(address, &ip); /* Make 0.0.0.0 an error, so that we can use "0" to mean "no addr") */ if (!ip) result = -1; switch (result) { case 1: /* XXX result can never be 1, because we set it to -1 above on error */ log_info(LD_NET,"Could not resolve dest addr %s (transient).", log_address); answer[0] = DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_TRANSIENT; break; case -1: log_info(LD_NET,"Could not resolve dest addr %s (permanent).", log_address); answer[0] = DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_PERMANENT; break; case 0: log_info(LD_NET,"Resolved address %s.", log_address); answer[0] = DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED; break; } tor_free(log_address); set_uint32(answer+1, ip); if (write_all(fd, answer, 5, 1) != 5) { log_err(LD_NET,"writing answer failed. Child exiting."); tor_close_socket(fd); crypto_thread_cleanup(); spawn_exit(); } } return 0; /* windows wants this function to return an int */ } /** Launch a new DNS worker; return 0 on success, -1 on failure. */ static int spawn_dnsworker(void) { int *fdarray; int fd; connection_t *conn; int err; fdarray = tor_malloc(sizeof(int)*2); if ((err = tor_socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fdarray)) < 0) { log_warn(LD_NET, "Couldn't construct socketpair: %s", tor_socket_strerror(-err)); tor_free(fdarray); return -1; } tor_assert(fdarray[0] >= 0); tor_assert(fdarray[1] >= 0); /* log_fn(LOG_NOTICE,"Before spawn: fdarray @%d has %d:%d", (int)fdarray, fdarray[0],fdarray[1]); */ fd = fdarray[0]; /* We copy this out here, since dnsworker_main may free * fdarray */ spawn_func(dnsworker_main, (void*)fdarray); log_debug(LD_EXIT,"just spawned a dns worker."); #ifndef TOR_IS_MULTITHREADED tor_close_socket(fdarray[1]); /* don't need the worker's side of the pipe */ tor_free(fdarray); #endif conn = connection_new(CONN_TYPE_DNSWORKER); set_socket_nonblocking(fd); /* set up conn so it's got all the data we need to remember */ conn->s = fd; conn->address = tor_strdup(""); if (connection_add(conn) < 0) { /* no space, forget it */ log_warn(LD_NET,"connection_add failed. Giving up."); connection_free(conn); /* this closes fd */ return -1; } conn->state = DNSWORKER_STATE_IDLE; connection_start_reading(conn); return 0; /* success */ } /** If we have too many or too few DNS workers, spawn or kill some. * Return 0 if we are happy, return -1 if we tried to spawn more but * we couldn't. */ static int spawn_enough_dnsworkers(void) { int num_dnsworkers_needed; /* aim to have 1 more than needed, * but no less than min and no more than max */ connection_t *dnsconn; /* XXX This may not be the best strategy. Maybe we should queue pending * requests until the old ones finish or time out: otherwise, if the * connection requests come fast enough, we never get any DNS done. -NM * * XXX But if we queue them, then the adversary can pile even more * queries onto us, blocking legitimate requests for even longer. Maybe * we should compromise and only kill if it's been at it for more than, * e.g., 2 seconds. -RD */ if (num_dnsworkers_busy == MAX_DNSWORKERS) { /* We always want at least one worker idle. * So find the oldest busy worker and kill it. */ dnsconn = connection_get_by_type_state_lastwritten(CONN_TYPE_DNSWORKER, DNSWORKER_STATE_BUSY); tor_assert(dnsconn); log_warn(LD_EXIT, "%d DNS workers are spawned; all are busy. Killing one.", MAX_DNSWORKERS); connection_mark_for_close(dnsconn); num_dnsworkers_busy--; num_dnsworkers--; } if (num_dnsworkers_busy >= MIN_DNSWORKERS) num_dnsworkers_needed = num_dnsworkers_busy+1; else num_dnsworkers_needed = MIN_DNSWORKERS; while (num_dnsworkers < num_dnsworkers_needed) { if (spawn_dnsworker() < 0) { log_warn(LD_EXIT,"Spawn failed. Will try again later."); return -1; } num_dnsworkers++; } while (num_dnsworkers > num_dnsworkers_busy+MAX_IDLE_DNSWORKERS) { /* too many idle? */ /* cull excess workers */ log_info(LD_EXIT,"%d of %d dnsworkers are idle. Killing one.", num_dnsworkers-num_dnsworkers_busy, num_dnsworkers); dnsconn = connection_get_by_type_state(CONN_TYPE_DNSWORKER, DNSWORKER_STATE_IDLE); tor_assert(dnsconn); connection_mark_for_close(dnsconn); num_dnsworkers--; } return 0; } #else /* !USE_EVENTDNS */ static int eventdns_err_is_transient(int err) { switch (err) { case DNS_ERR_SERVERFAILED: case DNS_ERR_TRUNCATED: case DNS_ERR_TIMEOUT: return 1; default: return 0; } } void dnsworkers_rotate(void) { } int connection_dns_finished_flushing(connection_t *conn) { (void)conn; tor_assert(0); return 0; } int connection_dns_process_inbuf(connection_t *conn) { (void)conn; tor_assert(0); return 0; } int connection_dns_reached_eof(connection_t *conn) { (void)conn; tor_assert(0); return 0; } static void eventdns_callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl, void *addresses, void *arg) { char *string_address = arg; int status = DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_PERMANENT; uint32_t addr = 0; if (result == DNS_ERR_NONE) { if (type == DNS_IPv4_A && count) { char answer_buf[INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN+1]; struct in_addr in; uint32_t *addrs = addresses; in.s_addr = addrs[0]; addr = ntohl(addrs[0]); status = DNS_RESOLVE_SUCCEEDED; tor_inet_ntoa(&in, answer_buf, sizeof(answer_buf)); log_debug(LD_EXIT, "eventdns said that %s resolves to %s", escaped_safe_str(string_address), escaped_safe_str(answer_buf)); } else if (count) { log_warn(LD_EXIT, "eventdns returned only non-IPv4 answers for %s.", escaped_safe_str(string_address)); } else { log_warn(LD_BUG, "eventdns returned no addresses or error for %s!", escaped_safe_str(string_address)); } } else { if (eventdns_err_is_transient(result)) status = DNS_RESOLVE_FAILED_TRANSIENT; } dns_found_answer(string_address, addr, status, ttl); tor_free(string_address); } static int assign_to_dnsworker(connection_t *exitconn) { char *addr = tor_strdup(exitconn->address); int r; log_info(LD_EXIT, "Launching eventdns request for %s", escaped_safe_str(exitconn->address)); r = eventdns_resolve(exitconn->address, DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH, eventdns_callback, addr); if (r) { log_warn(LD_EXIT, "eventdns rejected address %s: error %d.", escaped_safe_str(addr), r); if (exitconn->purpose == EXIT_PURPOSE_RESOLVE) { if (eventdns_err_is_transient(r)) send_resolved_cell(exitconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR_TRANSIENT); else { exitconn->address_ttl = DEFAULT_DNS_TTL; send_resolved_cell(exitconn, RESOLVED_TYPE_ERROR); } } dns_cancel_pending_resolve(addr);/* also sends end and frees */ tor_free(addr); } return r ? -1 : 0; } #endif /* USE_EVENTDNS */ static void assert_resolve_ok(cached_resolve_t *resolve) { tor_assert(resolve); tor_assert(resolve->magic == CACHED_RESOLVE_MAGIC); tor_assert(strlen(resolve->address) < MAX_ADDRESSLEN); tor_assert(! resolve->next || resolve->next->magic == CACHED_RESOLVE_MAGIC); } static void assert_cache_ok(void) { cached_resolve_t **resolve; tor_assert(_cache_map_HT_REP_OK(&cache_root)); HT_FOREACH(resolve, cache_map, &cache_root) { assert_resolve_ok(*resolve); } }