Some functions that use digest maps did not mention that the digests are
expected to have DIGEST_LEN bytes. This lead to buffer over-reads in the
past.
The hidden service descriptor cache (rendcache) tests use digest maps
which expect keys to have a length of DIGEST_LEN.
Because the tests use key strings with a length lower than DIGEST_LEN,
the internal copy operation reads outside the key strings which leads to
buffer over-reads.
The issue is resolved by using character arrays with a size of
DIGEST_LEN.
Patch on ade5005853.
The tests pass empty digest strings to the dir_server_new function which
copies it into a directory server structure. The copy operation expects
the digest strings to be DIGEST_LEN characters long.
Because the length of the empty digest strings are lower than
DIGEST_LEN, the copy operation reads outside the digest strings which
leads to buffer over-reads.
The issue is resolved by using character arrays with a size of
DIGEST_LEN.
Patch on 4ff08bb581.
When an HS process an INTRODUCE2 cell, we didn't validate if the IP address
of the rendezvous point was a local address. If it's the case, we end up
wasting resources by trying to extend to a local address which fails since
we do not allow that in circuit_extend().
This commit now rejects a rendezvous point that has a local address once
seen at the hidden service side unless ExtendAllowPrivateAddresses is set.
Fixes#8976
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
There was a dead check when we made sure that an array member of a
struct was non-NULL. Tor has been doing this check since at least
0.2.3, maybe earlier.
Fixes bug 17781.
Previously we'd suppressed the mask-bits field in the output when
formatting a policy if it was >=32. But that should be a >=128 if
we're talking about IPv6.
Since we didn't put these in descriptors, this bug affects only log
messages and controller outputs.
Fix for bug 16056. The code in question was new in 0.2.0, but the
bug was introduced in 0.2.4 when we started supporting IPv6 exits.
port is in host order (addr is tor_addr_t, endianness is abstracted).
addr and port can be different to conn->addr and conn->port if
connecting via a proxy.
Consistently ignore multicast addresses when automatically
generating reject private exit policies.
Closes ticket 17763. Bug fix on 10a6390deb,
not in any released version of Tor. Patch by "teor".
The tor_cert_get_checkable_sig function uses the signing key included in
the certificate (if available) when a separate public key is not given.
When the signature is valid, the tor_cert_checksig function copies the
public key from the checkable structure to the public key field of the
certificate signing key.
In situations where the separate public key is not given but the
certificate includes a signing key, the source and destination pointers
in the copy operation are equal and invoke undefined behavior.
Undefined behaviour is avoided by ensuring both pointers are different.
These functions must really never fail; so have crypto_rand() assert
that it's working okay, and have crypto_seed_rng() demand that
callers check its return value. Also have crypto_seed_rng() check
RAND_status() before returning.
Stop ignoring ExitPolicyRejectPrivate in getinfo
exit-policy/reject-private. Fix a memory leak.
Set ExitPolicyRejectPrivate in the unit tests, and make a mock
function declaration static.
Fix unit tests for get_interface_address6_list to assume less
about the interface addresses on the system.
Instead, mock get_interface_address6_list and use the mocked
function to provide a range of address combinations.
(If we take the branch above this assertion, than we *didn't* have a
v1 handshake. So if we don't take the branch, we did. So if we
reach this assertion, we must be running as a server, since clients
no longer attempt v1 handshakes.)
Fix for bug 17654; bugfix on 9d019a7db7.
Bug not in any released Tor.
Refuse connection requests to private OR addresses unless
ExtendAllowPrivateAddresses is set. Previously, tor would
connect, then refuse to send any cells to a private address.
Fixes bugs 17674 and 8976; bugfix on b7c172c9ec (28 Aug 2012)
Original bug 6710, released in 0.2.3.21-rc and an 0.2.2 maint
release.
Patch by "teor".
This migrates away from SHA1, and provides further hash flooding
protection on top of the randomised siphash implementation.
Add unit tests to make sure that different inputs don't have the
same hash.
The wrong list was used when looking up expired intro points in a rend
service object causing what we think could be reachability issues and
triggering a BUG log.
Fixes#16702
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
exit-policy/reject-private lists the reject rules added by
ExitPolicyRejectPrivate. This makes it easier for stem to
display exit policies.
Add unit tests for getinfo exit-policy/*.
Completes ticket #17183. Patch by "teor".
Modify policies_parse_exit_policy_reject_private so it also blocks
the addresses configured for OutboundBindAddressIPv4_ and
OutboundBindAddressIPv6_, and any publicly routable port addresses
on exit relays.
Add and update unit tests for these functions.
Move the code that rejects publicly routable exit relay addresses
to policies_parse_exit_policy_reject_private. Add
addr_policy_append_reject_addr_list and use it to reject interface
addresses.
This removes the duplicate reject checks on local_address and
ipv6_local_address, but duplicates will be removed by
exit_policy_remove_redundancies at the end of the function.
This also removes the info-level logging on rejected interface
addresses. Instead, log a debug-level message in
addr_policy_append_reject_addr.
This simplifies policies_parse_exit_policy_internal and prepares for
reporting these addresses over the control port in #17183.
In my testing, an IPv6-only FreeBSD jail without ::1 returned EINVAL
from tor_ersatz_socketpair. Let's not fail the unit test because of
this - it would only ever use tor_socketpair() anyway.
(But it won't work on some systems without IPv4/IPv6 localhost
(some BSD jails) by design, to avoid creating sockets on routable
IP addresses. However, those systems likely have the AF_UNIX socketpair,
which tor prefers.)
Fixes bug #17638; bugfix on a very early tor version,
earlier than 22dba27d8d (23 Nov 2004) / svn:r2943.
Patch by "teor".
Make unit tests pass on IPv6-only systems, and systems without
localhost addresses (like some FreeBSD jails).
Fixes:
* get_if_addrs_ifaddrs: systems without localhost
* get_if_addrs_ioctl: only works on IPv4 systems
* socket: check IPv4 and IPv6, skip on EPROTONOSUPPORT
* socketpair_ersatz: uses IPv4, skip on EPROTONOSUPPORT
Fixes bug #17632; bugfix on unit tests in 0.2.7.3-rc.
c464a36772 was a partial fix for this issue in #17255;
it was released in unit tests in 0.2.7.4-rc.
Patch by "teor".
Make unit tests pass on IPv6-only systems, and systems without
localhost addresses (like some FreeBSD jails).
Fixes:
* get_if_addrs_ifaddrs: systems without localhost
* get_if_addrs_ioctl: only works on IPv4 systems
* socket: check IPv4 and IPv6, skip on EPROTONOSUPPORT
* socketpair_ersatz: uses IPv4, skip on EPROTONOSUPPORT
Fixes bug #17632; bugfix on unit tests in 0.2.7.3-rc.
c464a36772 was a partial fix for this issue in #17255;
it was released in unit tests in 0.2.7.4-rc.
Patch by "teor".
Loading a on disk bridge descriptor causes a directory download to be
scheduled, which asserts due to the periodic events not being
initialized yet.
Fixes bug #17635, not in any released version of tor.
Now we only re-scan the list in the cases we did before: when we
have a new circuit that we should try attaching to, or when we have
added a new stream that we haven't tried to attach yet.
This is part of 17590.
Long ago we used to call connection_ap_handshake_attach_circuit()
only in a few places, since connection_ap_attach_pending() attaches
all the pending connections, and does so regularly. But this turned
out to have a performance problem: it would introduce a delay to
launching or connecting a stream.
We couldn't just call connection_ap_attach_pending() every time we
make a new connection, since it walks the whole connection list. So
we started calling connection_ap_attach_pending all over, instead!
But that's kind of ugly and messes up our callgraph.
So instead, we now have connection_ap_attach_pending() use a list
only of the pending connections, so we can call it much more
frequently. We have a separate function to scan the whole
connection array to see if we missed adding anything, and log a
warning if so.
Closes ticket #17590
Mark fallback directory mirrors as "too busy" when they return
a 503 response. Previously, the code just marked authorities as busy.
Unless clients set their own fallback directories, they will never see
this bug. (There are no default fallbacks yet.)
Fixes bug 17572; bugfix on 5c51b3f1f0 released in 0.2.4.7-alpha.
Patch by "teor".
Without this check, we potentially look up to 3 characters before
the start of a malloc'd segment, which could provoke a crash under
certain (weird afaik) circumstances.
Fixes 17404; bugfix on 0.2.6.3-alpha.
* Don't assume that every test box has an IPv4 address
* Don't assume that every test box has a non-local address
Resolves issue #17255 released in unit tests in 0.2.7.3-rc.
Since 11150 removed client-side support for renegotiation, we no
longer need to make sure we have an openssl/TLSvX combination that
supports it (client-side)
Now that x509_get_not{Before,After} are functions in OpenSSL 1.1
(not yet releasesd), we need to define a variant that takes a const
pointer to X509 and returns a const pointer to ASN1_time.
Part of 17237. I'm not convinced this is an openssl bug or a tor
bug. It might be just one of those things.
When logging to syslog, allow a tag to be added to the syslog identity
("Tor"), i.e. the string prepended to every log message. The tag can be
configured by setting SyslogIdentityTag and defaults to none. Setting
it to "foo" will cause logs to be tagged as "Tor-foo". Closes: #17194.
Warn when the state file was last written in the future.
Tor doesn't know that consensuses have expired if the clock is in the past.
Patch by "teor". Implements ticket #17188.
Ensure that either a valid address is returned in address pointers,
or that the address data is zeroed on error.
Ensure that free_interface_address6_list handles NULL lists.
Add unit tests for get_interface_address* failure cases.
Fixes bug #17173.
Patch by fk/teor, not in any released version of tor.
... that was removed by 31eb486c46 which first appeared in
0.2.7.3-rc.
If tor is running in a ElectroBSD (or FreeBSD) jail it can't
get any IP addresses that aren't assigned to the jail by
looking at the interfaces and (by design) the
get_interface_address6_via_udp_socket_hack() fallback doesn't
work either.
The missing return code check resulted in tor_addr_is_internal()
complaining about a "non-IP address of type 49", due to reading
uninitialised memory.
Fixes#17173.
BSD make takes spaces around = literally
and produces a "TESTING_TOR_BINARY "
variable with a trailing space, which leads
to test_keygen.sh failure.
Fixes 17154
Use environment variables instead. This repairs 'make distcheck',
which was running into trouble when it tried to chmod the generated
scripts.
Fixes 17148.
When we find a conflict in the keypinning journal, treat the new
entry as superseding all old entries that overlap either of its
keys.
Also add a (not-yet-used) configuration option to disable keypinning
enforcement.
Update the definition of the private exit policy in the man page
and torrcs. It didn't get merged correctly into the man page, and
it was incomplete in the torrcs. (Unfortunately, we only reject the
primary configured IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, not all configured IPv4
and IPv6 addresses.)
Also fixup msn page formatting errors from changes in tickets 16069
and 17027, mainly unescaped *s.
Advise users how to configure separate IPv4 and IPv6 exit
policies in the manpage and sample torrcs.
Related to fixes in ticket #16069 and #17027. Patch by "teor".
Patch on 2eb7eafc9d and a96c0affcb (25 Oct 2012),
released in 0.2.4.7-alpha.
src/test/test_policy.c:
Merged calls to policies_parse_exit_policy by adding additional arguments.
fixup to remaining instance of ~EXIT_POLICY_IPV6_ENABLED.
Compacting logic test now produces previous list length of 4, corrected this.
src/config/torrc.sample.in:
src/config/torrc.minimal.in-staging:
Merged torrc modification dates in favour of latest.
Log an info-level message containing the reject line added to the
exit policy for each local IP address blocked by ExitPolicyRejectPrivate:
- Published IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
- Publicly routable IPv4 and IPv6 interface addresses
ExitPolicyRejectPrivate now rejects more local addresses by default:
* the relay's published IPv6 address (if any), and
* any publicly routable IPv4 or IPv6 addresses on any local interfaces.
This resolves a security issue for IPv6 Exits and multihomed Exits that
trust connections originating from localhost.
Resolves ticket 17027. Patch by "teor".
Patch on 42b8fb5a15 (11 Nov 2007), released in 0.2.0.11-alpha.
The unit tests added in e033d5e90b got malformed_list added to
router_parse_addr_policy_item_from_string calls, but unit tests from
subsequent commits didn't get the extra argument until now.
In previous versions of Tor, ExitPolicy accept6/reject6 * produced
policy entries for IPv4 and IPv6 wildcard addresses.
To reduce operator confusion, change accept6/reject6 * to only produce
an IPv6 wildcard address.
Resolves bug #16069.
Patch on 2eb7eafc9d and a96c0affcb (25 Oct 2012),
released in 0.2.4.7-alpha.
Tor now warns when ExitPolicy lines occur after accept/reject *:*
or variants. These lines are redundant, and were always ignored.
Partial fix for ticket 16069. Patch by "teor".
Patch on 2eb7eafc9d and a96c0affcb (25 Oct 2012),
released in 0.2.4.7-alpha.
When parsing torrc ExitPolicies, we now warn if:
* an IPv4 address is used on an accept6 or reject6 line. The line is
ignored, but the rest of the policy items in the list are used.
(accept/reject continue to allow both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses in torrcs.)
* a "private" address alias is used on an accept6 or reject6 line.
The line filters both IPv4 and IPv6 private addresses, disregarding
the 6 in accept6/reject6.
When parsing torrc ExitPolicies, we now issue an info-level message:
* when expanding an accept/reject * line to include both IPv4 and IPv6
wildcard addresses.
In each instance, usage advice is provided to avoid the message.
Partial fix for ticket 16069. Patch by "teor".
Patch on 2eb7eafc9d and a96c0affcb (25 Oct 2012),
released in 0.2.4.7-alpha.
Add get_interface_address[6]_list by refactoring
get_interface_address6. Add unit tests for new and existing functions.
Preparation for ticket 17027. Patch by "teor".
Patch on 42b8fb5a15 (11 Nov 2007), released in 0.2.0.11-alpha.
routerset_parse now accepts IPv6 literal addresses.
Fix for ticket 17060. Patch by "teor".
Patch on 3ce6e2fba2 (24 Jul 2008), and related commits,
released in 0.2.1.3-alpha.
When validating a new descriptor against our rend cache failure, we were
added the failure entry to the new cache entry without duplicating. It was
then freed just after the validation ending up in a very bad memory state
that was making tor abort(). To fix this, a dup function has been added and
used just before adding the failure entry.
Fixes#17041
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
No functional changes, but since NoKeepAliveIsolateSOCKSAuth isn't
part of isoflag, it should be checked where all other similar options
are, and bypass the (no-op) masking at the end.
Increase default boostrap time in test-network.sh to 30 seconds,
for larger networks like bridges+ipv6+hs.
This avoids the failure-hiding issues inherent in the retry approach
in #16952.
This controls the circuit dirtyness reset behavior added for Tor
Browser's user experience fix (#15482). Unlike previous iterations
of this patch, the tunable actually works, and is documented.
(These inputs are possible when Shadow starts the world at time_t 0,
and breaks our assumption that Tor didn't exist in the 1970s.)
Fixes regression introduced in 241e6b09. Fixes#16980.
make test-network-all is Makefile target which verifies a series
of test networks generated using test-network.sh and chutney.
It runs IPv6 and mixed version test networks if the prerequisites are
available.
Each test network reports PASS, FAIL, or SKIP.
Closes ticket 16953. Patch by "teor".
Also adds "--hs-multi-client 1" option to TEST_NETWORK_FLAGS.
This resolves#17012.
Larger networks, such as bridges+hs, may fail until #16952 is merged.
Performing lookups in both the client and service side descriptor
caches from the same rend_cache_lookup_entry() function increases the
risk of accidental API misuse.
I'm separating the lookup functions to keep the caches distinct.
Parameterize the rend_cache_clean() function to allow it clean
old rendezvous descriptors from the service-side cache as well as
the client descriptor cache.
Including the replica number in the HS_DESC CREATED event provides
more context to a control port client. The replica allows clients
to more easily identify each replicated descriptor from the
independantly output control events.
Entries in the service-side descriptor cache are now cleaned when
rend_cache_free_all() is called. The call to tor_free(intro_content)
in rend_cache_store_v2_desc_as_service() is moved to prevent a
potential double-free when a service has a descriptor with a newer
timestamp already in it's service-side descriptor cache.
Adds an Enum which represents the different types of rendezvous
descriptor caches. This argument is passed in each call to
rend_cache_lookup_entry() to specify lookup in the client-side or
service-side descriptor caches.
Adds a control command to fetch a local service descriptor from the
service descriptor cache. The local service descriptor cache is
referenced by the onion address of the service.
This control command is documented in the control spec.
When this is set, and Tor is running as a relay, it will not
generate or load its secret identity key. You can manage the secret
identity key with --keygen. Implements ticket 16944.
Apparently this only happens with clang (or with some particular
clang versions), and only on i386.
Fixes 16970; bug not in any released Tor.
Found by Teor; fix from Yawning.
In a nutshell, since a circuit can not exit at its entry point, it's very
easy for an attacker to find the hidden service guard if only one EntryNodes
is specified since for that guard, the HS will refuse to build a rendezvous
circuit to it.
For now, the best solution is to stop tor to allow a single EntryNodes for
an hidden service.
Fixes#14917
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
Only applies to connections with SOCKS auth set, so that non-web Tor
activity is not affected.
Simpler version of Nick's patch because the randomness worried me, and I'm not
otherwise sure why we want a max here.
Make "bridges+hs" the default test network. This tests almost all
tor functionality during make test-network, while allowing tests
to succeed on non-IPv6 systems.
Requires chutney commit 396da92 in test-network-bridges-hs.
Closes tickets 16945 (tor), 16946 (chutney) . Patches by "teor".
In validate_recommended_package_line, at this point in the function,
n_entries is always >= 1. Coverity doesn't like us checking it for
0.
CID 1268063.
Removes a check to PublishHidServDescriptors in
rend_consider_services_upload(). This allows descriptors to be
generated and stored in the local cache when PublishHidServDescriptor = 0.
Keep the PublishHidServDescriptors option check in
rend_consider_descriptor_republication(). We will never need to republish
a descriptor if we are not publishing descriptors to the HSDirs.
Service descriptors are now generated regardless of the the
PublishHidServDescriptors option. The generated descriptors are stored
in the service descriptor cache.
The PublishHidServDescriptors = 1 option now prevents descriptor
publication to the HSDirs rather than descriptor generation.
Deindent a block of code inside the PublishHidServDescriptors option
check in upload_service_descriptor(). Stylistic commit to make the
subsequent reworking of this code cleaner.
The HS_DESC CREATED event should be emmited when a new service descriptor
is generated for a local rendevous service. This event is documented
in the control spec.
This commit resolves ticket #16291.
Adds a service descriptor cache which is indexed by service ID. This
descriptor cache is used to store service descriptors generated by a
local rendevous service.
The service-side cach can be queried by calling rend_cache_lookup_entry()
with the 'service' argument set to 1.
We don't want to accept any work after one of our worker functions has
returned WQ_RPL_SHUTDOWN. This testcase currently fails, because we do
not actually stop any of the worker threads.
We used to use this when we had some controllers that would accept
long names and some that wouldn't. But it's been obsolete for a
while, and it's time to strip it out of the code.
Previously we'd put these strings right on the controllers'
outbufs. But this could cause some trouble, for these reasons:
1) Calling the network stack directly here would make a huge portion
of our networking code (from which so much of the rest of Tor is
reachable) reachable from everything that potentially generated
controller events.
2) Since _some_ events (EVENT_ERR for instance) would cause us to
call connection_flush(), every control_event_* function would
appear to be able to reach even _more_ of the network stack in
our cllgraph.
3) Every time we generated an event, we'd have to walk the whole
connection list, which isn't exactly fast.
This is an attempt to break down the "blob" described in
http://archives.seul.org/tor/dev/Mar-2015/msg00197.html -- the set of
functions from which nearly all the other functions in Tor are
reachable.
Closes ticket 16695.
Test that TestingDirAuthVote{Exit,Guard,HSDir}[Strict] work on
routersets matching all routers, one router, and no routers.
TestingDirAuthVote{Exit,Guard,HSDir} set the corresponding flag
on routerstatuses which match the routerset, but leave other flags
unmodified.
TestingDirAuthVote{Exit,Guard,HSDir}Strict clear the corresponding flag
on routerstatuses which don't match the routerset.
Make it easier to unit test TestingDirAuthVote{Exit,Guard,HSDir}
by refactoring the code which sets flags based on them into a
new function dirserv_set_routerstatus_testing.
"option to prevent guard,exit,hsdir flag assignment"
"A node will never receive the corresponding flag unless
that node is specified in the
TestingDirAuthVote{Exit,Guard,HSDir} list, regardless of
its uptime, bandwidth, exit policy, or DirPort".
Patch modified by "teor": VoteOnHidServDirectoriesV2
is now obsolete, so TestingDirAuthVoteHSDir always
votes on HSDirs.
Closes ticket 14882. Patch by "robgjansen".
Commit message and changes file by "teor"
with quotes from "robgjansen".
Fix an error in the manual page and comments for
TestingDirAuthVoteHSDir, which suggested that a
HSDir required "ORPort connectivity". While this is true,
it is in no way unique to the HSDir flag. Of all the flags,
only HSDirs need a DirPort configured in order for the
authorities to assign that particular flag.
Fixed as part of 14882. Patch by "teor".
Bugfix on 0.2.6.3 (f9d57473e1 on 10 January 2015).
This probably requires the user to manually set CFLAGS, but should
result in a net gain on 32 bit x86. Enabling SSE2 support would be
possible on x86_64, but will result in slower performance.
Implements feature #16535.
* FIXES#16823: https://bugs.torproject.org/16823
If an OP were to send a CREATE_FAST cell to an OR, and that
CREATE_FAST cell had unparseable key material, then tor_free() would
be called on the create cell twice. This fix removes the second
(conditional on the key material being bad) call to tor_free(), so
that now the create cell is always freed once, regardless of the status of
the key material.
(This isn't actually a double-free bug, since tor_free() sets its
input to NULL, and has no effect when called with input NULL.)
Instead of having it call update_all_descriptor_downloads and
update_networkstatus_downloads directly, we can have it cause them to
get rescheduled and called from run_scheduled_events.
Closes ticket 16789.
The code was always in our Ed25519 wrappers, so enable it when using
the ed25519-donna backend, and deal with the mocking related
crypto_rand silliness.
Implements feature 16533.
When fetching a descriptor, we know test every introduction points in it
against our rend failure cache to know if we keep it or not. For this to
work, now everytime an introduction points is discareded (ex: receiving a
NACK), we note it down in our introduction cache.
See rendcache.c for a detailed explanation of the cache's behavior.
Fixes#16389
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
When we removed Running/Valid checks from Fast and Stable in 8712, I
removed them from HSDir too, which apparently wasn't a good idea.
Reverts part of a65e835800. Fixes bug 16524. Bugfix
on 0.2.7.2-alpha.
microdesc_free_() called get_microdesc_cache(), which had the fun
side-effect of potentially reloading the whole cache from disk.
Replace it with a variant that doesn't.
If setrlimit() failed, max_out wasn't set in set_max_file_descriptors()
ending in a state where we don't use ULIMIT_BUFFER for things like tor
private key files.
Also fix the set_max_file_descriptors() documentation.
Fixes#16274
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
According to POSIX, the mutex must be locked by the thread calling the signal
functions to ensure predictable scheduling behavior.
Found the issue using Helgrind which gave the warning `dubious: associated lock
is not held by any thread`.
The base64 and base32 functions used to be in crypto.c;
crypto_format.h had no header; some general-purpose functions were in
crypto_curve25519.c.
This patch makes a {crypto,util}_format.[ch], and puts more functions
there. Small modules are beautiful!
The control port was using set_max_file_descriptors() with a limit set to 0
to query the number of maximum socket Tor can use. With the recent changes
to that function, a check was introduced to make sure a user can not set a
value below the amount we reserved for non socket.
This commit adds get_max_sockets() that returns the value of max_sockets so
we can stop using that "setter" function to get the current value.
Finally, the dead code is removed that is the code that checked for limit
equal to 0. From now on, set_max_file_descriptors() should never be used
with a limit set to 0 for a valid use case.
Fixes#16697
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
URI syntax (and DNS syntax) allows for a single trailing `.` to
explicitly distinguish between a relative and absolute
(fully-qualified) domain name. While this is redundant in that RFC 1928
DOMAINNAME addresses are *always* fully-qualified, certain clients
blindly pass the trailing `.` along in the request.
Fixes bug 16674; bugfix on 0.2.6.2-alpha.
The only reason 16 byte alignment is required is for SSE2 load and
store operations, so only align datastructures to 16 byte boundaries
when building with SSE2 support.
This fixes builds with GCC SSP on platforms that don't have special
case code to do dynamic stack re-alignment (everything not x86/x86_64).
Fixes bug #16666.
The workqueue test help message has two issues. First, the message uses 4 space
indentation when 2 space indentation seems more common. Second, the help
message misses some options.
This commit fixes both issues.
1) We already require C99.
2) This allows us to support MSVC again (thanks to Gisle Vanem for
this part)
3) This change allows us to dump some rotten old compatibility code
from log.c
It did a good idea, but the code-quality of libupnpc and libnatpnp
is so dodgy that I'm not really comfortable including them alongside
Tor proper. Instead, we'll recommend that people do the pure-go
reimplementation instead. Closes ticket 13338.
Make sure that signing certs are signed by the right identity key,
to prevent a recurrence of #16530. Also make sure that the master
identity key we find on disk matches the one we have in RAM, if we
have one.
This is for #16581.
When there is a signing key and the certificate lists a key, make
sure that the certificate lists the same signing key.
When there are public key and secret key stored in separate files,
make sure they match.
Use the right file name when we load an encrypted secret key and
then find a problem with it.
This is part of 16581.
Add a new and slow unit test that checks if libscrypt_scrypt() and
EBP_PBE_scrypt() yield the same keys from test vectors.
squash! Assert interoperability betweeen libscrypt and OpenSSL EBP_PBE_scrypt().
squash! Assert interoperability betweeen libscrypt and OpenSSL EBP_PBE_scrypt().
squash! Assert interoperability betweeen libscrypt and OpenSSL EBP_PBE_scrypt().
When cleaning up extra circuits that we've opened for performance reason, we
need to count all the introduction circuit and not only the established ones
else we can end up with too many introduction points.
This also adds the check for expiring nodes when serving an INTRODUCE cell
since it's possible old clients are still using them before we have time to
close them.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
To upload a HS descriptor, this commits makes it that we wait for all
introduction point to be fully established.
Else, the HS ends up uploading a descriptor that may contain intro points
that are not yet "valid" meaning not yet established or proven to work. It
could also trigger three uploads for the *same* descriptor if every intro
points takes more than 30 seconds to establish because of desc_is_dirty
being set at each intro established.
To achieve that, n_intro_points_established varialbe is added to the
rend_service_t object that is incremented when we established introduction
point and decremented when we remove a valid intro point from our list.
The condition to upload a descriptor also changes to test if all intro
points are ready by making sure we have equal or more wanted intro points
that are ready.
The desc_id_dirty flag is kept to be able to still use the
RendInitialPostPeriod option.
This partially fixes#13483.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
There is a case where if the introduction circuit fails but the node is
still in the consensus, we clean up the intro point and choose an other one.
This commit fixes that by trying to reuse the existing intro point with a
maximum value of retry.
A retry_nodes list is added to rend_services_introduce() and when we remove
an invalid intro points that fits the use case mentionned before, we add the
node to the retry list instead of removing it. Then, we retry on them before
creating new ones.
This means that the requirement to remove an intro point changes from "if no
intro circuit" to "if no intro circuit then if no node OR we've reached our
maximum circuit creation count".
For now, the maximum retries is set to 3 which it completely arbitrary. It
should also at some point be tied to the work done on detecting if our
network is down or not.
Fixes#8239
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
The reasoning for refactoring this function is that removing the
introduction point adaptative algorithm (#4862) ended up changing quite a
bit rend_services_introduce(). Also, to fix some open issues (#8239, #8864
and #13483), this work had to be done.
First, this removes time_expiring variable in an intro point object and
INTRO_POINT_EXPIRATION_GRACE_PERIOD trickery and use an expiring_nodes list
where intro nodes that should expire are moved to that list and cleaned up
only once the new descriptor is successfully uploaded. The previous scheme
was adding complexity and arbitrary timing to when we expire an intro point.
We keep the intro points until we are sure that the new descriptor is
uploaded and thus ready to be used by clients. For this,
rend_service_desc_has_uploaded() is added to notify the HS subsystem that
the descriptor has been successfully uploaded. The purpose of this function
is to cleanup the expiring nodes and circuits if any.
Secondly, this adds the remove_invalid_intro_points() function in order to
split up rend_services_introduce() a bit with an extra modification to it
that fixes#8864. We do NOT close the circuit nor delete the intro point if
the circuit is still alive but the node was removed from the consensus. Due
to possible information leak, we let the circuit and intro point object
expire instead.
Finally, the whole code flow is simplified and large amount of documentation
has been added to mostly explain the why of things in there.
Fixes#8864
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
The runtime sanity checking is slightly different from the optimized
basepoint stuff in that it uses a given implementation's self tests if
available, and checks if signing/verification works with a test vector
from the IETF EdDSA draft.
The unit tests include a new testcase that will fuzz donna against ref0,
including the blinding and curve25519 key conversion routines. If this
is something that should be done at runtime (No?), the code can be
stolen from there.
Note: Integrating batch verification is not done yet.
Integration work scavanged from nickm's `ticket8897_9663_v2` branch,
with minor modifications. Tor will still sanity check the output but
now also attempts to catch extreme breakage by spot checking the
optimized implementation vs known values from the NaCl documentation.
Implements feature 9663.
This needs to be done to allow for the possibility of removing the
ref10 code at a later date, though it is not performance critical.
When integrated by kludging it into tor, it passes unit tests, and is
twice as fast.
Integrating it the "wrong" way into common/crypto_ed25519.c passes
`make check`, and there appear to be some known answer tests for this,
so I assume I got it right.
Blinding a public key goes from 139.10 usec to 70.78 usec using
ed25519-donna (NB: Turboboost/phase of moon), though the code isn't
critical path, so supporting it is mostly done for completeness.
Integrate ed25519-donna into the build process, and provide an
interface that matches the `ref10` code. Apart from the blinding and
Curve25519 key conversion, this functions as a drop-in replacement for
ref10 (verified by modifying crypto_ed25519.c).
Tests pass, and the benchmarks claim it is quite a bit faster, however
actually using the code requires additional integration work.
The following arguments change how chutney verifies the network:
--bytes n sends n bytes per test connection (10 KBytes)
--connections n makes n test connections per client (1)
--hs-multi-client 1 makes each client connect to each HS (0)
Requires the corresponding chutney performance testing changes.
Note: using --connections 7 or greater on a HS will trigger #15937.
Patch by "teor".
This is a way to specify the amount of introduction points an hidden service
can have. Maximum value is 10 and the default is 3.
Fixes#4862
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
When we ran out of intro points for a hidden service (which could
happen on a newnym), we would change the connection's state back to
"waiting for hidden service descriptor." But this would make an
assertion fail if we went on to call circuit_get_open_circ_or_launch
again.
This fixes bug 16013; I believe the bug was introduced in
38be533c69, where we made it possible for
circuit_get_open_circ_or_launch() to change the connection's state.
RFC 952 is approximately 30 years old, and people are failing to comply,
by serving A records with '_' as part of the hostname. Since relaxing
the check is a QOL improvement for our userbase, relax the check to
allow such abominations as destinations, especially since there are
likely to be other similarly misconfigured domains out there.
When I fixed#11243, I made it so we would take the digest of a
descriptor before tokenizing it, so we could desist from download
attempts if parsing failed. But when I did that, I didn't remove an
assertion that the descriptor began with "onion-key". Usually, this
was enforced by "find_start_of_next_microdescriptor", but when
find_start_of_next_microdescriptor returned NULL, the assertion was
triggered.
Fixes bug 16400. Thanks to torkeln for reporting and
cypherpunks_backup for diagnosing and writing the first fix here.
Every functions and objects that are used for hidden service descriptor
caches are moved to rendcache.{c|h}.
This commit does NOT change anything, just moving code around.
Fixes#16399
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
For now, rend_cache_entry_t has been moved from or.h to rendcache.h and
those files have been added to the build system.
In the next commit, these will contain hidden service descriptor cache ABI
and API for both client and directory side. The goal is to consolidate the
descriptor caches in one location to ease development, maintenance, review
and improve documentation for each cache behavior and algorithm.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
When --keygen is provided, we prompt for a passphrase when we make a
new master key; if it is nonempty, we store the secret key in a new
crypto_pwbox.
Also, if --keygen is provided and there *is* an encrypted master key,
we load it and prompt for a passphrase unconditionally.
We make a new signing key unconditionally when --keygen is provided.
We never overwrite a master key.
If crypto_early_init fails, a typo in a return value from tor_init
means that tor_main continues running, rather than returning
an error value.
Fixes bug 16360; bugfix on d3fb846d8c in 0.2.5.2-alpha,
introduced when implementing #4900.
Patch by "teor".
This reverts commit 9407040c59.
Small fix, "e->received" had to be removed since that variable doesn't exist
anymore.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
clang complains that the address of struct member in an assert in
SSL_SESSION_get_master_key is always non-NULL.
Instead, check each pointer argument is non-NULL before using it.
Fix on f90a704f12 from 27 May 2015, not in any released version of tor.
signing_key can be NULL in ed_key_init_from_file in routerkeys.c.
Discovered by clang 3.7 address sanitizer.
Fix on c03694938e, not in any released version of Tor.
clang 3.7 complains that using a preprocessor directive inside
a macro invocation in test_util_writepid in test_util.c is undefined.
Fix on 79e85313aa on 0.2.7.1-alpha.
Unused variable warnings were still generated under some versions of OpenSSL.
Instead, make sure all variables are used under all versions.
Fix on 496df21c89, not in any released version of tor.
Rend_add_service() frees its argument on failure; no need to free again.
Fixes bug 16228, bugfix on 0.2.7.1-alpha
Found by coverity; this is CID 1301387.
Also, have testing-level options to set the lifetimes and
expiration-tolerances of all key types, plus a non-testing-level
option to set the lifetime of any auto-generated signing key.
# The first commit's message is:
Regenerate ed25519 keys when they will expire soon.
Also, have testing-level options to set the lifetimes and
expiration-tolerances of all key types, plus a non-testing-level
option to set the lifetime of any auto-generated signing key.
# The 2nd commit message will be skipped:
# fixup! Regenerate ed25519 keys when they will expire soon.
This is a new collator type that follows proposal 220 for deciding
which identities to include. The rule is (approximately):
If a <ed,rsa> identity is listed by more than half of authorities,
include it. And include all <rsa> votes about that node as
matching.
Otherwise, if an <*,rsa> or <rsa> identity is listed by more than
half of the authorities, and no <ed,rsa> has been listed, include
it.
* Include ed25519 identities in votes
* Include "no ed25519 identity" in votes
* Include some commented-out code about identity voting. (This
will disappear.)
* Include some functions for identity voting (These will disappear.)
* Enforce uniqueness in ed25519 keys within a vote
Extrainfo documents are now ed-signed just as are router
descriptors, according to proposal 220. This patch also includes
some more tests for successful/failing parsing, and fixes a crash
bug in ed25519 descriptor parsing.
An earlier version of these tests was broken; now they're a nicer,
more robust, more black-box set of tests. The key is to have each
test check a handshake message that is wrong in _one_ way.
This includes the link handshake variations for proposal220.
We'll use this for testing first, and then use it to extend our
current code to support prop220.
When there are annotations on a router descriptor, the
ed25519-identity element won't be at position 0 or 1; it will be at
router+1 or router-1.
This patch also adds a missing smartlist function to search a list for
an item with a particular pointer.
With this patch:
* Authorities load the key-pinning log at startup.
* Authorities open a key-pinning log for writing at startup.
* Authorities reject any router with an ed25519 key where they have
previously seen that ed25519 key with a different RSA key, or vice
versa.
* Authorities warn about, but *do not* reject, RSA-only descriptors
when the RSA key has previously gone along with an Ed25519 key.
(We should make this a 'reject' too, but we can't do that until we're
sure there's no legit reason to downgrade to 0.2.5.)
This module implements a key-pinning mechanism to ensure that it's
safe to use RSA keys as identitifers even as we migrate to Ed25519
keys. It remembers, for every Ed25519 key we've seen, what the
associated Ed25519 key is. This way, if we see a different Ed25519
key with that RSA key, we'll know that there's a mismatch.
We persist these entries to disk using a simple format, where each
line has a base64-encoded RSA SHA1 hash, then a base64-endoded
Ed25519 key. Empty lines, misformed lines, and lines beginning with
a # are ignored. Lines beginning with @ are reserved for future
extensions.
Routers now use TAP and ntor onion keys to sign their identity keys,
and put these signatures in their descriptors. That allows other
parties to be confident that the onion keys are indeed controlled by
the router that generated the descriptor.
Routers now use TAP and ntor onion keys to sign their identity keys,
and put these signatures in their descriptors. That allows other
parties to be confident that the onion keys are indeed controlled by
the router that generated the descriptor.
For prop220, we have a new ed25519 certificate type. This patch
implements the code to create, parse, and validate those, along with
code for routers to maintain their own sets of certificates and
keys. (Some parts of master identity key encryption are done, but
the implementation of that isn't finished)
If the OpenSSL team accepts my patch to add an
SSL_get_client_ciphers function, this patch will make Tor use it
when available, thereby working better with openssl 1.1.
We previously used this function instead of SSL_set_cipher_list() to
set up a stack of client SSL_CIPHERs for these reasons:
A) In order to force a particular order of the results.
B) In order to be able to include dummy entries for ciphers that
this build of openssl did not support, so we could impersonate
Firefox harder.
But we no longer do B, since we merged proposal 198 and stopped
lying about what ciphers we know.
And A was actually pointless, since I had misread the implementation
of SSL_set_cipher_list(). It _does_ do some internal sorting, but
that is pre-sorting on the master list of ciphers, not sorting on
the user's preferred order.
As OpenSSL >= 1.0.0 is now required, ECDHE is now mandatory. The group
has to be validated at runtime, because of RedHat lawyers (P224 support
is entirely missing in the OpenSSL RPM, but P256 is present and is the
default).
Resolves ticket #16140.
The key here is to never touch ssl->cipher_list directly, but only
via SSL_get_ciphers(). But it's not so simple.
See, if there is no specialized cipher_list on the SSL object,
SSL_get_ciphers returns the cipher_list on the SSL_CTX. But we sure
don't want to modify that one! So we need to use
SSL_set_cipher_list first to make sure that we really have a cipher
list on the SSL object.
When set, this limits the maximum number of simultaneous streams per
rendezvous circuit on the server side of a HS, with further RELAY_BEGIN
cells being silently ignored.
This can be modified via "HiddenServiceMaxStreamsCloseCircuit", which
if set will cause offending rendezvous circuits to be torn down instead.
Addresses part of #16052.
Ephemeral services will be listed in rend_services_list at the end of
rend_config_services, so it must check whether directory is non-NULL
before comparing.
This crash happens when reloading config on a tor with mixed configured
and ephemeral services.
Fixes bug #16060. Bugfix on 0.2.7.1-alpha.
With #15881 implemented, this adds the missing descriptor ID at the end of
the expected control message.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
For FAILED and RECEIVED action of the HS_DESC event, we now sends back the
descriptor ID at the end like specified in the control-spec section 4.1.25.
Fixes#15881
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
This field was only needed to work with the now-long-gone (I hope,
except for some horrible apples) openssl 0.9.8l; if your headers say
you have openssl 1.1, you won't even need it.
OpenSSL 1.1.0 must be built with "enable-deprecated", and compiled with
`OPENSSL_USE_DEPRECATED` for this to work, so instead, use the newer
routine as appropriate.
Use it in the sample_laplace_distribution function to make sure we return
the correct converted value after math operations are done on the input
values.
Thanks to Yawning for proposing a solution.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
- Rewrite changes file.
- Avoid float comparison with == and use <= instead.
- Add teor's tor_llround(trunc(...)) back to silence clang warnings.
- Replace tt_assert() with tt_i64_op() and friends.
- Fix whitespace and a comment.
Consistently check for overflow in round_*_to_next_multiple_of.
Check all round_*_to_next_multiple_of functions with expected values.
Check all round_*_to_next_multiple_of functions with maximal values.
Related to HS stats in #13192.
Avoid division by zero.
Avoid taking the log of zero.
Silence clang type conversion warnings using round and trunc.
The existing values returned by the laplace functions do not change.
Add tests for laplace edge cases.
These changes pass the existing unit tests without modification.
Related to HS stats in #13192.
The length of auth_data from an INTRODUCE2 cell is checked when the
auth_type is recognized (1 or 2), but not for any other non-zero
auth_type. Later, auth_data is assumed to have at least
REND_DESC_COOKIE_LEN bytes, leading to a client-triggered out of bounds
read.
Fixed by checking auth_len before comparing the descriptor cookie
against known clients.
Fixes#15823; bugfix on 0.2.1.6-alpha.
"+HSPOST" and the related event changes allow the uploading of HS
descriptors via the control port, and more comprehensive event
monitoring of HS descriptor upload status.
When we have a new descriptor ID for an onion address request, change it in
the rend_data_t object and purge the old one from the last hid serv request
cache.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
Stop using an onion address since it's not indexed with that anymore in the
last hid serv request cache. Instead use a base32 encoded descriptor ID
contained in the rend_data_t object.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
Every callsite that use to allocate a rend_data_t object now use the
rend_data_client/service_create() function.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
Ground works for fixing #15816. This adds the rend_data_create() function in
order to have a single place where we initialize that data structure.
Furthermore, an array of descriptor IDs is added (one per replica) so we can
keep a copy of the current id in the object. It will be used to purge the
last hid serv request cache using those descriptor IDs. When they change,
they will be replaced and the old ones will be purged from the cache.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
Fixes#15850, part of #15801. Change file is added by this commit. The
original comment in the reverted commit is removed because right now we
*need* a DirPort until #15849 is implemented so no doubt nor confusion there
anymore.
This reverts commit 80bed1ac96.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
These commands allow for the creation and management of ephemeral
Onion ("Hidden") services that are either bound to the lifetime of
the originating control connection, or optionally the lifetime of
the tor instance.
Implements #6411.
The SH_LOG_COMPILER feature doesn't work with older automakes, and
those are still in use in many environments we want to support
development on, like Debian Stable.
Instead, use autoconf substitution to fill out the shebang lines on
the shell scripts, and an intermediate make target to make them
executable.
This is a bugfix on the patches for #15344. Bug not in any released
tor.
When we made assertions not get compiled in for the coverage case, we
missed one case where, for our tests, we really DO want to have an
assertion fail: the backtrace test.
Bugfix on 1228dd293b60a8eaab03472fa29428c5e2752c44; bug not in any
released tor
The "longest possible policy" comment in
router_parse_addr_policy_item_from_string() used an example policy
that was actually shorter than the maximum length.
This comment was amended, and expanded to count the maximum number of
characters.
Comment change only.
For this to work bt_test.py now returns an exit code indicating success or
failure. Additionally, check-local and its specific dependencies are now
obsolete so they are removed.
The zero length keys test now requires the path to the Tor binary as the first
parameter to ensure the correct Tor binary is used without hard coding a path.
The wrapper script calls the zero length keys test for each test separately to
ensure the correct shell is used (as configured by autoconf). Another solution
would have been to place the tests into separate functions so multiple tests
could be run internally. This would have made a diff of considerable size and
frankly it is outside the scope of this fix.
Unit tests for the 10 valid combinations of set/NULL config options
DirAuthorities, AlternateBridgeAuthority, AlternateDirAuthority,
and FallbackDir.
Add assertion in consider_adding_dir_servers() for checks in
validate_dir_servers():
"You cannot set both DirAuthority and Alternate*Authority."
Only add the default fallback directories when the DirAuthorities,
AlternateDirAuthority, and FallbackDir directory config options
are set to their defaults.
The default fallback directory list is currently empty, this fix will
only change tor's behaviour when it has default fallback directories.
Fixes bug 15642; bugfix on 90f6071d8d in 0.2.4.7-alpha. Patch by "teor".
When self-testing reachability, use ExtendAllowPrivateAddresses
to determine if local/private addresses imply reachability.
The previous fix used TestingTorNetwork, which implies
ExtendAllowPrivateAddresses, but this excluded rare configs where
ExtendAllowPrivateAddresses is set but TestingTorNetwork is not.
Fixes bug 15771; bugfix on 0.2.6.1-alpha, bug #13924.
Patch by "teor", issue discovered by CJ Ess.
The HS_DESC_CONTENT event results in multiple line thus must be prefixed
with a "650+" and ending with "650 OK".
Reported-by: Damian Johnson <atagar@torproject.org>
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
The HS_DESC event was using rend_data_t from the dir connection to reply the
onion address and authentication type. With the new HSFETCH command, it's
now possible to fetch a descriptor only using the descriptor id thus
resulting in not having an onion address in any HS_DESC event.
This patch removes rend_query from the hs desc control functions and replace
it by an onion address string and an auth type.
On a successful fetch, the service id is taken from the fetched descriptor.
For that, an extra parameter is added to "store as a client" function that
contains the cache entry stored.
This will make the control event functions scale more easily over time if
other values not present in rend_data_t are needed since the rend_data from
the dir connection might not contained everything we need.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
Big refactor of the HS client descriptor fetch functionnality. This allows
to fetch an HS descriptor using only a descriptor ID. Furthermore, it's also
possible to provide a list of HSDir(s) now that are used instead of the
automatically choosen one.
The approach taken was to add a descriptor_id field to the rend_data_t
structure so it can be used, if available, by the HS client. The onion
address field however has priority over it that is if both are set, the
onion address is used to fetch the descriptor.
A new public function is introduced called rend_client_fetch_v2_desc(...)
that does NOT lookup the client cache before fetching and can take a list of
HSDirs as a parameter.
The HSFETCH control command now uses this new function thus making it work
and final.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
As defined in section 4.1.26 in the control-spec.txt, this new event replies
the content of a successfully fetched HS descriptor. This also adds a unit
test for the controller event.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
This adds the command on the controller side that parses and validate
arguments but does nothing for now. The HS desriptor fetch must be
modularized a bit more before we can use the command.
See control-spec.txt section 3.26 for more information on this command.
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
Incidently, this fixes a bug where the maximum value was never used when
only using crypto_rand_int(). For instance this example below in
rendservice.c never gets to INTRO_POINT_LIFETIME_MAX_SECONDS.
int intro_point_lifetime_seconds =
INTRO_POINT_LIFETIME_MIN_SECONDS +
crypto_rand_int(INTRO_POINT_LIFETIME_MAX_SECONDS -
INTRO_POINT_LIFETIME_MIN_SECONDS);
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
An introduction point is currently rotated when the amount of INTRODUCE2
cells reached a fixed value of 16384. This makes it pretty easy for an
attacker to inflate that number and observe when the IP rotates which leaks
the popularity of the HS (amount of client that passed through the IP).
This commit makes it a random count between the current value of 16384 and
two times that.
Fixes#15745
Signed-off-by: David Goulet <dgoulet@ev0ke.net>
Till someone writes get_interface_address6 interface enumeration that is
routing table aware, these tests will continue to fail on certain
systems because the get_interface_address6() code is broken.
We no longer base our opinion on whether someone is a directory solely
on the routerstatus we might have for that relay, but also on a
routerinfo. Remove logic in test checking that. This broke unit tests in
05f7336624.
Reported by toralf on #tor-dev, thanks!
