diff --git a/changes/ticket31548 b/changes/ticket31548
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fef0b5d01f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/ticket31548
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+  o Major bugfixes (hidden service v3):
+    - Make onion service always use the exact amount of configured intro points
+      (or less due to node exlusion). Before, a service could sometimes pick
+      more intro points than configured with the
+      HiddenServiceNumIntroductionPoints option. Fixes bug 31548; bugfix on
+      0.3.2.1-alpha.
+
diff --git a/src/feature/hs/hs_service.c b/src/feature/hs/hs_service.c
index 7021190903..f81987f69f 100644
--- a/src/feature/hs/hs_service.c
+++ b/src/feature/hs/hs_service.c
@@ -1659,6 +1659,15 @@ build_desc_intro_points(const hs_service_t *service,
 
   DIGEST256MAP_FOREACH(desc->intro_points.map, key,
                        const hs_service_intro_point_t *, ip) {
+    if (!ip->circuit_established) {
+      /* Ignore un-established intro points. They can linger in that list
+       * because their circuit has not opened and they haven't been removed
+       * yet even though we have enough intro circuits.
+       *
+       * Due to #31561, it can stay in that list until rotation so this check
+       * prevents to publish an intro point without a circuit. */
+      continue;
+    }
     hs_desc_intro_point_t *desc_ip = hs_desc_intro_point_new();
     if (setup_desc_intro_point(&desc->signing_kp, ip, now, desc_ip) < 0) {
       hs_desc_intro_point_free(desc_ip);