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New email section (#1672)

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<h1 id="email" class="anchor"><a href="#email"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Privacy-Conscious Email Providers - No Affiliates</h1>
<h1 id="email" class="anchor"><a href="#email"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Recommended Email Services</h1>
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
<strong>All providers listed here are operating outside the US and support <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" data-original-title="When sending or receiving emails, if both the sending and receiving servers support TLS encryption, the email is sent between servers using an encrypted connection.">SMTP TLS.</a> The table is sortable.</strong>
<strong>Our recommended providers operate outside of the US, adopt modern email technology, and meet <a href="/providers/email/#criteria">our other criteria</a> for listing.</strong> We also have a <a href="https://wiki.privacytools.io/view/Comparison_of_email_providers#Provider_comparison">detailed comparison table</a> of the below providers on the wiki.
</div>
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table sortable-theme-bootstrap" data-sortable>
<thead>
<tr>
<th data-sorted="true" data-sorted-direction="ascending">Email Provider</th>
<th data-sortable="false">Website</th>
<th data-sortable="true">Since</th>
<th data-sortable="true">Jurisdiction</th>
<th data-sortable="true">Storage</th>
<th data-sortable="true">Yearly Price</th>
<th data-sortable="true">Bitcoin</th>
<th data-sortable="true">Encryption</th>
<th data-sortable="true">Own Domain</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<div class="container-fluid">
<tbody>
<div class="row mb-2">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-12 pt-lg-5">
<img
src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/protonmail.svg"
height="70"
width="200"
class="img-fluid d-block mr-auto ml-auto align-middle"
alt="ProtonMail">
</div>
<div class="col">
<h2 id="protonmail" class="anchor"><a href="#protonmail"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> ProtonMail <span class="badge badge-info">Free</span></h2>
<p><strong><a href="https://protonmail.com">ProtonMail.com</a></strong> is an email service with a focus on privacy, encryption, security, and ease of use. They have been in operation since <strong>2013</strong>. ProtonMail is based in Genève, <span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ch"></span> Switzerland. Accounts start with 500 MB storage with their free plan.</p>
<tr>
<td data-value="disroot">
<img
alt="Disroot"
src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/disroot.svg"
data-theme-src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/disroot-dark.svg"
width="200"
height="70">
</td>
<td>
<a
class="btn-secondary btn-icon"
href="https://disroot.org">
<span class="fas fa-globe"></span>
</a>
</td>
<td data-value="2015">2015</td>
<td>
<span class="no-text-wrap">
<span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></span> Netherlands
</span>
</td>
<td data-value="1000">1 GB</td>
<td data-value="0"><span class="label label-warning">Free</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Accepted</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Built-in</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Yes</span></td>
</tr>
<p>Free accounts have some limitations and do not allow the use of the <a href="https://protonmail.com/bridge">ProtonMail Bridge</a>, which is required to use a <a href="/software/email">recommended email client</a> (eg. Thunderbird) or to search email by body text. Paid accounts are available starting at <strong>€48/Year</strong> which include features like ProtonMail Bridge, additional storage, custom domain support, and more. The webmail and mobile apps can only search <code>To:</code>, <code>From:</code>, <code>Date:</code> and <code>Subject:</code> (this is likely to change when <a href="https://reddit.com/comments/cqwk2a/comment/ex21b4e">v4.0</a> of ProtonMail is released).</p>
<tr>
<td data-value="kolabnow">
<img
alt="Kolab Now"
src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/kolab_now.svg"
data-theme-src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/kolab_now-dark.svg"
width="200"
height="70">
</td>
<td>
<a
class="btn-secondary btn-icon"
href="https://kolabnow.com">
<span class="fas fa-globe"></span>
</a>
</td>
<td data-value="2010">2010</td>
<td>
<span class="no-text-wrap">
<span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ch"></span> Switzerland
</span>
</td>
<td data-value="2048">2 GB</td>
<td data-value="6000">$ 60</td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Accepted</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Built-in</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Yes</span></td>
</tr>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Domains and Aliases</span></h5>
<p>Paid ProtonMail users can use their own domain with the service. <a href="https://protonmail.com/support/knowledge-base/catch-all/">Catch-all</a> addresses are supported with custom domains. ProtonMail also supports <a href="https://protonmail.com/support/knowledge-base/creating-aliases/">subaddressing</a>, which is useful for users who don't want to purchase a domain.</p>
<tr>
<td data-value="mailbox">
<img alt="mailbox.org" src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/mailboxorg.svg" width="200" height="70">
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Payment Methods</span></h5>
<p>ProtonMail accepts <strong>Bitcoin</strong> in addition to accepting credit/debit cards and PayPal.</p>
</td>
<td>
<a
class="btn-secondary btn-icon"
href="https://mailbox.org">
<span class="fas fa-globe"></span>
</a>
</td>
<td data-value="2014">2014</td>
<td>
<span class="no-text-wrap">
<span class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></span> Germany
</span>
</td>
<td data-value="2000">2 GB</td>
<td data-value="1444">12 €</td>
<td data-value="0"><span class="label label-success">No</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Built-in</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Yes</span></td>
</tr>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Account Security</span></h5>
<p>ProtonMail supports <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_One-time_Password_Algorithm">TOTP</a> <a href="https://protonmail.com/support/knowledge-base/two-factor-authentication/">two factor authentication</a> only. The use of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_2nd_Factor">U2F</a> security key is not yet supported. ProtonMail is planning to implement U2F upon completion of their <a href="https://reddit.com/comments/cheoy6/comment/feh2lw0/">Single Sign On (SSO)</a> code.</p>
<tr>
<td data-value="mailfence">
<img
alt="Mailfence"
src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/mailfence.svg"
data-theme-src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/mailfence-dark.svg"
width="200"
height="70">
</td>
<td>
<a
href="https://mailfence.com"
class="btn-secondary btn-icon">
<span class="fas fa-globe"></span>
</a>
</td>
<td data-value="2013">2013</td>
<td>
<span class="no-text-wrap">
<span class="flag-icon flag-icon-be"></span> Belgium
</span>
</td>
<td data-value="500">500 MB</td>
<td data-value="0"><span class="label label-warning">Free</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Accepted</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Built-in</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Yes</span></td>
</tr>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Data Security</span></h5>
<p>ProtonMail has <a href="https://protonmail.com/blog/zero-access-encryption">zero access encryption at rest</a> for your emails, <a href="https://protonmail.com/blog/encrypted-contacts-manager">address book contacts</a>, and <a href="https://protonmail.com/blog/protoncalendar-security-model">calendars</a>. This means the messages and other data stored in your account are only readable by you. </p>
<tr>
<td data-value="posteo">
<img alt="Posteo" src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/posteo.svg" width="200" height="70">
</td>
<td>
<a
class="btn-secondary btn-icon"
href="https://posteo.de">
<span class="fas fa-globe"></span>
</a>
</td>
<td data-value="2009">2009</td>
<td>
<span class="no-text-wrap">
<span class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></span> Germany
</span>
</td>
<td data-value="2000">2 GB</td>
<td data-value="1444">12 €</td>
<td data-value="0"><span class="label label-primary">No</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Built-in</span></td>
<td data-value="0"><span class="label label-primary">No</span></td>
</tr>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Email Encryption</span></h5>
<p>ProtonMail has <a href="https://protonmail.com/support/knowledge-base/how-to-use-pgp">integrated OpenPGP encryption</a> in their webmail. Emails to other ProtonMail users are encrypted automatically, and encryption to non-ProtonMail users with a OpenPGP key can be enabled easily in your account settings. They also allow you to <a href="https://protonmail.com/support/knowledge-base/encrypt-for-outside-users">encrypt messages to non-ProtonMail users</a> without the need for them to sign up for a ProtonMail account or use software like OpenPGP.</p>
<p>ProtonMail also supports the discovery of public keys via HTTP from their <a href="https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD">Web Key Directory (WKD)</a>. This allows users outside of ProtonMail to find the OpenPGP keys of ProtonMail users easily, for cross-provider E2EE.</p>
<tr>
<td data-value="protonmail">
<img alt="ProtonMail" src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/protonmail.svg" width="200" height="70">
</td>
<td>
<a
class="btn-secondary btn-icon"
href="https://protonmail.com">
<span class="fas fa-globe"></span>
</a>
<a
class="btn-tor btn-icon mt-1"
href="https://protonirockerxow.onion"
title="Requires specific software to access: torproject.org"
data-toggle="tooltip"
data-placement="bottom">
<span class="ptio-tor"></span>
</a>
</td>
<td data-value="2013">2013</td>
<td>
<span class="no-text-wrap">
<span class="flag-icon flag-icon-ch"></span> Switzerland
</span>
</td>
<td data-value="500">500 MB</td>
<td data-value="0"><span class="label label-warning">Free</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Accepted</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Built-in</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Yes</span></td>
</tr>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">.onion Service</span></h5>
<p>ProtonMail is accessible via Tor at <a href="https://protonirockerxow.onion/">protonirockerxow.onion</a>.</p>
<tr>
<td data-value="runbox">
<img
alt="Runbox"
src="/assets/img/png/3rd-party/runbox.png"
data-theme-src="/assets/img/png/3rd-party/runbox-dark.png"
width="200"
height="70">
</td>
<td>
<a
class="btn-secondary btn-icon"
href="https://runbox.com">
<span class="fas fa-globe"></span>
</a>
</td>
<td data-value="1999">1999</td>
<td>
<span class="no-text-wrap">
<span class="flag-icon flag-icon-no"></span> Norway
</span>
</td>
<td data-value="1000">1 GB</td>
<td data-value="1995">$ 19.95</td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-primary">Accepted</span></td>
<td data-value="0"><span class="label label-primary">No</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Yes</span></td>
</tr>
<h5><span class="badge badge-info">Extra Functionality</span></h5>
<p>ProtonMail offers a "Visionary" account for €24/Month, which also enables access to ProtonVPN in addition to providing multiple accounts, domains, aliases, and extra storage.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row mb-2">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-12 pt-lg-5">
<img
src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/mailboxorg.svg"
height="70"
width="200"
class="img-fluid d-block mr-auto ml-auto align-middle"
alt="Mailbox">
</div>
<div class="col">
<h2 id="mailbox" class="anchor"><a href="#mailbox"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Mailbox.org <span class="badge badge-info">€12/Year</span></h2>
<p><strong><a href="https://mailbox.org">Mailbox.org</a></strong> is an email service with a focus on being secure, ad-free, and privately powered by 100% eco-friendly energy. They have been in operation since <strong>2014</strong>. Mailbox.org is based in Berlin, <span class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></span> Germany. Accounts start with 2 GB of storage, which can be upgraded as needed.</p>
<tr>
<td data-value="soverin">
<img alt="Soverin" src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/soverin.svg" width="200" height="70">
</td>
<td>
<a
class="btn-secondary btn-icon"
href="https://soverin.net">
<span class="fas fa-globe"></span>
</a>
</td>
<td data-value="2015">2015</td>
<td>
<span class="no-text-wrap">
<span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></span> Netherlands
</span>
</td>
<td data-value="25000">25 GB</td>
<td data-value="3489">29 €</td>
<td data-value="0"><span class="label label-success">No</span></td>
<td data-value="0"><span class="label label-success">No</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Yes</span></td>
</tr>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Domains and Aliases</span></h5>
<p>Mailbox.org lets users use their own domain and they support <a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/Using+catch-all+alias+with+own+domain">catch-all</a> addresses. Mailbox.org also supports <a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/display/BMBOKBEN/What+is+an+alias+and+how+do+I+use+it">subaddressing</a>, which is useful for users who don't want to purchase a domain.</p>
<tr>
<td data-value="startmail">
<img
alt="StartMail"
src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/startmail.svg"
data-theme-src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/startmail-dark.svg"
width="200"
height="70">
</td>
<td>
<a
class="btn-secondary btn-icon"
href="https://startmail.com">
<span class="fas fa-globe"></span>
</a>
</td>
<td data-value="2014">2014</td>
<td>
<span class="no-text-wrap">
<span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></span> Netherlands
</span>
</td>
<td data-value="10000">10 GB</td>
<td data-value="5995">$ 59.95</td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Accepted</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Built-in</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Yes</span></td>
</tr>
<h5><span class="badge badge-warning">Payment Methods</span></h5>
<p>Mailbox.org doesn't accept Bitcoin or any other cryptocurrencies as a result of their payment processor BitPay suspending operations in Germany. However, they do accept <strong>Cash by mail</strong>, <strong>cash payment to bank account</strong>, bank transfer, credit card, PayPal and couple of German-specific processors: paydirekt and Sofort.</p>
<tr>
<td data-value="tutanota">
<img
alt="Tutanota"
src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/tutanota.svg"
data-theme-src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/tutanota-dark.svg"
width="200"
height="70">
</td>
<td>
<a
class="btn-secondary btn-icon"
href="https://tutanota.com">
<span class="fas fa-globe"></span>
</a>
</td>
<td data-value="2011">2011</td>
<td>
<span class="no-text-wrap">
<span class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></span> Germany
</span>
</td>
<td data-value="1000">1 GB</td>
<td data-value="0"><span class="label label-warning">Free</span></td>
<td data-value="0"><span class="label label-primary">No</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Built-in</span></td>
<td data-value="1"><span class="label label-success">Yes</span></td>
</tr>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Account Security</span></h5>
<p>Mailbox.org supports <a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/How+to+use+two-factor+authentication+-+2FA">two factor authentication</a> for their webmail only. You can use either <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_One-time_Password_Algorithm">TOTP</a> or a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YubiKey">Yubikey</a> via the <a href="https://www.yubico.com/products/services-software/yubicloud">Yubicloud</a>. Web standards such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_2nd_Factor">U2F</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a> are not yet supported.</p>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5><span class="badge badge-warning">Data Security</span></h5>
<p>Mailbox.org allows for encryption of incoming mail using their <a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/The+Encrypted+Mailbox">encrypted mailbox</a>. New messages that you receive will then be immediately encrypted with your public key. This only protects message content while at rest so you should request that the sender encrypt the email message before sending in order to ensure confidentiality.</p>
<p>However, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Xchange">Open-Exchange</a>, the software platform used by Mailbox.org, <a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/display/BMBOKBEN/Encryption+of+calendar+and+address+book">does not support</a> the encryption of your address book and calendar. A <a href="/software/calendar-contacts/">standalone option</a> may be more appropriate for that information.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Email Encryption</span></h5>
<p>Mailbox.org has <a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/Send+encrypted+e-mails+with+Guard">integrated E2EE encryption</a> in their webmail, which simplifies sending messages to users with public OpenPGP keys. They also allow <a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/My+recipient+does+not+use+PGP">remote recipients to decrypt an email</a> on Mailbox.org's servers. This feature is useful when the remote recipient does not have OpenPGP and cannot decrypt a copy of the email in their own mailbox.</p>
<p>Mailbox.org also supports the discovery of public keys via HTTP from their <a href="https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD">Web Key Directory (WKD)</a>. This allows users outside of Mailbox.org to find the OpenPGP keys of Mailbox.org users easily, for cross-provider E2EE.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-warning">.onion Service</span></h5>
<p>You can access your Mailbox.org account via IMAP/SMTP using <a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/The+Tor+exit+node+of+mailbox.org">their .onion service</a>. However, their webmail interface cannot be accessed via their .onion service, and users may experience TLS certificate errors.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-info">Extra Functionality</span></h5>
<p>All accounts come with limited cloud storage that <a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/Encrypt+files+on+your+Drive">can be encrypted</a>. Mailbox.org also offers the alias <a href="https://kb.mailbox.org/display/MBOKBEN/Ensuring+E-Mails+are+Sent+Securely">@secure.mailbox.org</a>, which enforces the TLS encryption on the connection between mail servers, otherwise the message will not be sent at all.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row mb-2">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-12 pt-lg-5">
<img
src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/posteo.svg"
height="70"
width="200"
class="img-fluid d-block mr-auto ml-auto align-middle"
alt="Posteo">
</div>
<div class="col">
<h2 id="posteo" class="anchor"><a href="#posteo"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Posteo <span class="badge badge-info">€12/Year</span></h2>
<p><strong><a href="https://posteo.de">Posteo.de</a></strong> is an email provider that focuses on anonymous, secure, and private email. Their servers are powered by 100% sustainable energy. They have been in operation since <strong>2009</strong>. Posteo is based in <span class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></span> Germany and has a free 14-day trial. Posteo comes with 2 GB for the monthly cost and an extra gigabyte can be purchased for €0.25 per month.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-warning">Domains and Aliases</span></h5>
<p>Posteo does <a href="https://posteo.de/en/site/faq">not allow the use of custom domains</a>, however users may still make use of <a href="https://posteo.de/en/help/what-is-an-email-alias">subaddressing</a>.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-warning">Payment Methods</span></h5>
<p>Posteo does not accept Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies as a form of payment, however they do accept cash-by-mail. They also accept credit/debit cards, bank transfers, and PayPal, and claim that PII (personally identifiable information) that they receive in connection with these payment methods is not linked to your account.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Account Security</span></h5>
<p>Posteo supports <a href="https://posteo.de/en/help/what-is-two-factor-authentication-and-how-do-i-set-it-up">two factor authentication</a> for their webmail only. You can use either <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_One-time_Password_Algorithm">TOTP</a> a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YubiKey">Yubikey</a> with TOTP. Web standards such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_2nd_Factor">U2F</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a> are not yet supported.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-warning">Data Security</span></h5>
<p>Posteo has <a href="https://posteo.de/en/site/encryption#cryptomailstorage">zero access encryption</a> for email storage. This means the messages stored in your account are only readable by you. </p>
<p>Posteo also supports the encryption of your <a href="https://posteo.de/en/site/features#featuresaddressbook">address book contacts</a> and <a href="https://posteo.de/en/site/features#featurescalendar">calendars</a> at rest. However, Posteo still uses standard <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalDAV">CalDAV</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CardDAV">CardDAV</a> for calendars and contacts. These protocols do not support <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption">E2EE (End-To-End Encryption)</a>. A <a href="/software/calendar-contacts/">standalone option</a> may be more appropiate.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Email Encryption</span></h5>
<p>Posteo has <a href="https://posteo.de/en/site/encryption#pgp_webmailer">integrated encryption</a> in their webmail, which simplifies sending messages to users with public OpenPGP keys. They also support the discovery of public keys via HTTP from their <a href="https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD">Web Key Directory (WKD)</a>. This allows users outside of Posteo to find the OpenPGP keys of Posteo users easily, for cross-provider E2EE.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-danger">.onion Service</span></h5>
<p>Posteo does not operate a .onion service.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-info">Extra Functionality</span></h5>
<p>Posteo allows users to <a href="https://posteo.de/en/help/does-posteo-offer-mailing-lists">set up their own mailing lists</a>. Each account can create one list for free.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row mb-2">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-12 pt-lg-5">
<img
src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/soverin.svg"
height="70"
width="200"
class="img-fluid d-block mr-auto ml-auto align-middle"
alt="Soverin">
</div>
<div class="col">
<h2 id="soverin" class="anchor"><a href="#soverin"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Soverin <span class="badge badge-info">€29/Year</span></h2>
<p><strong><a href="https://soverin.net">Soverin.net</a></strong> is an email provider which focuses on being private, ad-free, and powered by sustainable energy. They have been in operation since <strong>2015</strong>. Soverin is based in <span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></span> Amsterdam and does not have a free trial. Accounts start at 25 GB.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Domains and Aliases</span></h5>
<p>Soverin lets users use their own domain. Soverin users can also use <a href="https://support.soverin.net/hc/en-us/articles/115004811093-How-can-I-setup-a-catch-all-on-my-domain-">catch-all</a> and <a href="https://support.soverin.net/hc/en-us/articles/115004811073-How-can-I-add-an-alias-to-my-domain-">aliases</a> for domains they own. Soverin also allows for <a href="https://support.soverin.net/hc/en-us/articles/115004811033-Do-support-the-plus-syntax-subaddressing-">subaddressing</a>, which is useful for users who don't want to purchase a domain.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Payment Methods</span></h5>
<p>Soverin accepts <strong>Bitcoin</strong> as payment. They also accept credit/debit cards, PayPal, and the Netherlands-specific payment gateway iDEAL.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Account Security</span></h5>
<p>Soverin supports <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_One-time_Password_Algorithm">TOTP</a> two factor authentication <a href="https://support.soverin.net/hc/en-us/articles/360008819553-Setting-up-2-Factor-Authentication-2FA-Webmail-only">for webmail only</a>. They do not allow <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_2nd_Factor">U2F</a> security key authentication.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-warning">Data Security</span></h5>
<p>Soverin has <a href="https://support.soverin.net/hc/en-us/articles/115004810713-Technical-details-about-Soverin">encryption at rest</a> however it doesn't appear to be "zero access", meaning it is technically possible for them to decrypt the data they have.</p>
<p>Soverin also uses the standard <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalDAV">CalDAV</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CardDAV">CardDAV</a> protocols for calendars and contacts, which do not support E2EE. A <a href="/software/calendar-contacts/">standalone option</a> may be more appropriate.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Email Encryption</span></h5>
<p>Soverin has integrated encryption in their webmail, which simplifies sending messages to users. However, Soverin has not integrated a <a href="https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD">Web Key Directory (WKD)</a> for users on their platform.<p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-danger">.onion Service</span></h5>
<p>Soverin does not operate a .onion service.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-info">Extra Functionality</span></h5>
<p>Soverin also providers users with space for a personal webpage.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row mb-2">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-12 pt-lg-5">
<img
src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/disroot.svg"
data-theme-src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/disroot-dark.svg"
height="70"
width="200"
class="img-fluid d-block mr-auto ml-auto align-middle"
alt="Disroot">
</div>
<div class="col">
<h2 id="disroot" class="anchor"><a href="#disroot"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Disroot <span class="badge badge-info">Free</span></h2>
<p><strong><a href="https://disroot.org/en/services/email">Disroot</a></strong> offers email amongst <a href="https://disroot.org/en/#services">other services</a>. The service is maintained by volunteers and its community. They have been in operation since <strong>2015</strong>. Disroot is based in <span class="flag-icon flag-icon-nl"></span> Amsterdam. Disroot is free and uses open source software such as Rainloop to provide service. Users support the service through donations and buying extra storage. The mailbox limit is 1 GB, but extra storage can be purchased 0.15€ per GB per month paid yearly.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Domains and Aliases</span></h5>
<p>Disroot lets users use their own domain. They have aliases, however you must <a href="https://disroot.org/en/forms/alias-request-form">manually apply</a> for them.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-warning">Payment Methods</span></h5>
<p>Disroot accepts Bitcoin and Faircoin as payment methods. They also accept PayPal, direct bank deposit, and Patreon payments. Disroot is a not-for-profit organization that also accepts donations through Liberapay, Flattr, and Monero, but these payment methods cannot be used to purchase services.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Account Security</span></h5>
<p>Disroot supports <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_One-time_Password_Algorithm">TOTP</a> two factor authentication for webmail only. They do not allow <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_2nd_Factor">U2F</a> security key authentication.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-warning">Data Security</span></h5>
<p>Disroot uses full disk encryption. However, it doesn't appear to be "zero access", meaning it is technically possible for them to decrypt the data they have.</p>
<p>Disroot also uses the standard <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalDAV">CalDAV</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CardDAV">CardDAV</a> protocols for calendars and contacts, which do not support E2EE. A <a href="/software/calendar-contacts/">standalone option</a> may be more appropriate.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Email Encryption</span></h5>
<p>Disroot allows for encrypted emails to be sent from their webmail application using OpenPGP. However, Disroot has not integrated a <a href="https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD">Web Key Directory (WKD)</a> for users on their platform.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-danger">.onion Service</span></h5>
<p>Disroot does not operate a .onion service.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-info">Extra Functionality</span></h5>
<p>They offer <a href="https://disroot.org/en/#services">other services</a> such as NextCloud, XMPP Chat, Etherpad, Ethercalc, Pastebin, Online polls and a Gitea instance. They also have an app <a href="https://f-droid.org/packages/org.disroot.disrootapp/">available in F-Droid</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row mb-2">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-sm-12 pt-lg-5">
<img
src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/tutanota.svg"
data-theme-src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/tutanota-dark.svg"
height="70"
width="200"
class="img-fluid d-block mr-auto ml-auto align-middle"
alt="Tutanota">
</div>
<div class="col">
<h2 id="tutanota" class="anchor"><a href="#tutanota"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Tutanota <span class="badge badge-info">Free</span></h2>
<p><strong><a href="https://tutanota.com">Tutanota.com</a></strong> is an email service with a focus on security and privacy through the use of encryption. Tutanota has been in operation since <strong>2011</strong> and is based in Hanover, <span class="flag-icon flag-icon-de"></span> Germany. Accounts start with 1GB storage with their free plan.</p>
<p>Tutanota <a href="https://tutanota.com/faq/#imap">doesn't allow</a> the use of third-party <a href="/software/email/">email clients</a>. There are plans to allow Tutanota pull email from <a href="https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/544">external email accounts</a> using the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol">IMAP</a> protocol. <a href="https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/630">Email import</a> is currently not possible.</p>
<p>Emails can be exported <a href="https://tutanota.com/howto#generalMail">individually or by bulk selection</a>. Tutanota does not allow for <a href="https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/927">subfolders</a> as you might expect with other email providers.</p>
<p>Tutanota is working on a <a href="https://tutanota.com/blog/posts/desktop-clients/">desktop client</a> and they have an app <a href="https://f-droid.org/packages/de.tutao.tutanota">available in F-Droid</a>. They also have their app in conventional stores such as <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/tutanota/id922429609">App Store</a> on iOS and <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.tutao.tutanota">Google Play</a> for Android.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Domains and Aliases</span></h5>
<p>Paid Tutanota accounts can use up to 5 <a href="https://tutanota.com/faq#alias">aliases</a> and <a href="https://tutanota.com/faq#custom-domain">custom domains</a>. Tutanota doesn't allow for <a href="https://tutanota.com/faq#plus">subaddressing (plus addresses)</a>, but you can use a <a href="https://tutanota.com/howto#settings-global">catch-all</a> with a custom domain.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-danger">Payment Methods</span></h5>
<p>Tutanota accepts only credit cards and PayPal.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Account Security</span></h5>
<p>Tutanota supports <a href="https://tutanota.com/faq#2fa">two factor authentication</a>. Users can either use <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_One-time_Password_Algorithm">TOTP</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_2nd_Factor">U2F</a>. U2F support is <a href="https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/443">not yet available on Android</a>.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-success">Data Security</span></h5>
<p>Tutanota has <a href="https://tutanota.com/faq#what-encrypted">zero access encryption at rest</a> for your emails, <a href="https://tutanota.com/faq#encrypted-address-book">address book contacts</a>, and <a href="https://tutanota.com/faq#calendar">calendars</a>. This means the messages and other data stored in your account are only readable by you. </p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-warning">Email Encryption</span></h5>
<p>Tutanota <a href="https://www.tutanota.com/faq/#pgp">does not use OpenPGP</a>. Tutanota users can only receive encrypted emails when external users send them through a <a href="https://www.tutanota.com/howto/#encrypted-email-external">temporary Tutanota mailbox</a>.</p>
<p>Tutanota <a href="https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/198">does have plans</a> to support <a href="https://autocrypt.org">AutoCrypt</a>. This would allow for external users to send encrypted emails to Tutanota users as long as their email client supports the AutoCrypt headers.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-danger">.onion Service</span></h5>
<p>Tutanota does not operate a .onion service but <a href="https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/issues/528">may consider</a> it in the future.</p>
<h5><span class="badge badge-info">Extra Functionality</span></h5>
<p>Tutanota offers the business version of <a href="https://tutanota.com/blog/posts/secure-email-for-non-profit">Tutanota to non-profit organizations</a> for free or with a heavy discount.</p>
<p>Tutanota also has a business feature called <a href="https://tutanota.com/secure-connect/">Secure Connect</a>. This ensures customer contact to the business uses E2EE. The feature costs €240/year.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3>Interesting Email Providers Under Development</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.confidantmail.org/">Confidant Mail</a> - An open-source non-SMTP cryptographic email system optimized for large file attachments. It is a secure and spam-resistant alternative to regular email and online file drop services. It
uses <a href="https://theprivacyguide.org/tutorials/gpg.html">GNU Privacy Guard (GPG)</a> for content encryption and authentication, and TLS 1.2 with ephemeral keys for transport encryption.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Become Your Own Email Provider</h3>
<a href="https://mailinabox.email/"><img src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/mail-in-a-box.svg" width="80rem" class="img-fluid float-left mr-3" alt="Mail-in-a-Box"></a>
<p><strong>Mail-in-a-Box</strong> lets you become your own mail service provider in a few easy steps. It's sort of like making your own Gmail, but one you control from top to bottom. Technically, Mail-in-a-Box turns a fresh cloud computer into a working mail server. But you don't need to be a technology expert to set it up. <strong>More: <a href="https://mailinabox.email/">https://mailinabox.email/</a></strong></p>
<a href="https://mailcow.email/"><img src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/mailcow.svg" width="80rem" class="img-fluid float-left mr-3" alt="Mailcow"></a>
<p><strong>Mailcow</strong> is a slightly more advanced mail server perfect for those with a bit more Linux experience. It has everything you need in a Docker container: A mailserver with DKIM support, antivirus and spam monitoring, webmail and ActiveSync with SOGo, and web-based administration with 2FA support. <strong>More: <a href="https://mailcow.github.io/mailcow-dockerized-docs/">Mailcow Dockerized docs</a></strong></p>

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<div class="card-header text-danger"><i class="fas fa-exclamation-circle fa-fw"></i> Warning</div>
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text text-danger">When using end-to-end encryption (E2EE) technology like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy">OpenPGP</a>, email will still have some metadata that is not encrypted in the header of the email. <a href="/providers/email/#metadata">Read more about email metadata.</a></p>
<p class="card-text text-danger">OpenPGP also does not support <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy">Forward secrecy</a>, which means if either your or the recipient's private key is ever stolen, <strong>all</strong> previous messages encrypted with it will be exposed. <a href="/providers/email/#email-encryption">How do I protect my private keys?</a></p>
<p class="card-text text-secondary">Rather than use email for prolonged conversations, consider using a medium that does support Forward secrecy.</p>
<a href="/software/real-time-communication/" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">Recommended Instant Messengers</a>
</div>
</div>

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---
layout: page
permalink: /providers/email/
title: "Best Secure Email Providers for Privacy"
title: "Private Email Providers"
description: "Find a secure email provider that will keep your privacy in mind. Don't settle for ad-supported platforms. Never trust any company with your privacy, always encrypt."
---
<div class="card border-danger">
<div class="card-header text-danger"><i class="fas fa-exclamation-circle fa-fw"></i> Warning</div>
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text text-danger">Even when using end-to-end encryption technology like GPG, email is inherently insecure and should not be trusted for sensitive communications. Metadata is always communicated in plaintext, and even when encryption is used correctly it is very easy for either party to accidentally respond to or forward a previously encrypted message in plaintext in many clients. GPG also does not easily support modern crypto functionality such as key rotation and forward secrecy.</p>
<p class="card-text text-secondary">We recommend the following email providers for routine notifications and messages from other services that require an email address. For communications that <strong>need</strong> to be safe and secure, you should use a dedicated instant messaging tool, such as Signal.</p>
<a href="/software/real-time-communication/" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">Recommended Instant Messengers</a>
</div>
</div>
{% include sections/email-warning.html %}
{% include sections/email-providers.html %}
<h3>Related Information</h3>
<hr>
<h1 id="criteria" class="anchor"><a href="#criteria"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Our Email Provider Criteria</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.wired.com/2011/10/ecpa-turns-twenty-five/">Aging 'Privacy' Law Leaves Cloud E-Mail Open to Cops</a> - Data stored in the cloud for longer than 6 months is considered abandoned and may be accessed by intelligence agencies without
a warrant. Learning: Use an external email client like Thunderbird or Enigmail, download your emails and store them locally. Never leave them on the server.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/04/may-firstriseup-server-seizure-fbi-overreaches-yet-again">With May First/Riseup Server Seizure, FBI Overreaches Yet Again</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.autistici.org/ai/crackdown/">Autistici/Inventati server compromised</a> - The cryptographic services offered by the Autistici/Inventati server have been compromised on 15th June 2004. It was discovered on 21st June 2005. One year
later. During an enquiry on a single mailbox, the Postal Police may have tapped for a whole year every user's private communication going through the server autistici.org/inventati.org.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Please note we are not affiliated with any of the providers we recommend. This allows us to provide completely objective recommendations.</strong> We have developed a clear set of requirements for any Email provider wishing to be recommended, including implementing industry best practices, modern technology and more. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing a Email provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the Email provider you choose is the right choice for you.</p>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12">
<h3><span class="badge badge-info">Jurisdiction</span></h3>
<p>Operating outside the five/nine/fourteen-eyes countries is not necessarily a guarantee of privacy, and there are other factors to consider. However, we believe that avoiding these countries is important if you wish to avoid mass government dragnet surveillance, especially from the United States. Read our page on <a href="/providers/#ukusa">global mass surveillance and avoiding the US and UK</a> to learn more about why we feel this is important.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Minimum to Qualify:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Operating outside the USA or other Five Eyes countries.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Best Case:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Operating outside the USA or other Fourteen Eyes countries.</li>
<li>Operating inside a country with strong consumer protection laws.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<h3><span class="badge badge-info">Technology</span></h3>
<p>We regard these features as important in order to provide a safe and optimal service to users. Users should consider the provider which has the features they require.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Minimum to Qualify:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Encrypts account data at rest.</li>
<li>Integrated webmail encryption provides convenience to users who want improve on having no <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption">E2EE</a> encryption.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Best Case:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Encrypts account data at rest with zero-access encryption.</li>
<li>Allow users to use their own <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name">domain name</a>. Custom domain names are important to users because it allows them to maintain their agency from the service, should it turn bad, be acquired by another company which doesn't prioritize privacy etc.</li>
<li>Support for <a href="https://wiki.gnupg.org/WKD">WKD</a> to allow improved discovery of public OpenPGP keys via HTTP. <br> GnuPG users can get a key by typing: <code>gpg --locate-key example_user@example.com</code></li>
<li>Support for a temporary mailbox for external users. This is useful when you want to send a encrypted email, without sending an actual copy to your recipient. These emails usually have a limited lifespan and then are automatically deleted. They also don't require the recipient to configure any cryptography like OpenPGP.</li>
<li>Availability of the email provider's services via an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion">onion service</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_address#Subaddressing">Subaddressing</a> support.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_filtering">Catch all</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_alias">aliases</a> for users who own their own domains.</li>
<li>Use of standard email access protocols such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol">IMAP</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol">SMTP</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON_Meta_Application_Protocol">JMAP</a>. Standard access protocols ensure customers can easily download all of their email,should they want to switch to another provider.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<h3><span class="badge badge-info">Privacy</span></h3>
<p>We prefer our recommended providers to collect as little data as possible.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Minimum to Qualify:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Protect sender's IP address. Filter it from showing in the <code>Received</code> header field.</li>
<li>Don't require personally identifiable information (PII) besides username and password.</li>
<li>Privacy policy that meets the requirements defined by the GDPR</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Best Case:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Accepts Bitcoin, cash, and other forms of cryptocurrency and/or anonymous payment options (gift cards, etc.)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<h3><span class="badge badge-info">Security</span></h3>
<p>Email servers deal with a lot of very sensitive data. We expect that providers will adopt best industry practices in order to protect their users.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Minimum to Qualify:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Protection of webmail with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication">two-factor authentication (2FA)</a>, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_One-time_Password_algorithm">TOTP</a>.</li>
<li>Encryption at rest, (eg <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dm-crypt">dm-crypt</a>) this protects the contents of the servers in case of unlawful seizure.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions">DNSSEC</a> support.</li>
<li>No <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_TLS">TLS</a> errors/vulnerabilities when being profiled by tools such as <a href="https://www.hardenize.com">Hardenize</a>, <a href="https://testssl.sh">testssl.sh</a> or <a href="https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest">Qualys SSL Labs</a>, this includes certificate related errors, poor or weak ciphers suites, weak DH parameters such as those that led to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logjam_(computer_security)">Logjam</a>.</li>
<li>A valid <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8461">MTA-STS</a> and <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8460">TLS-RPT</a> policy.</li>
<li>Valid <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS-based_Authentication_of_Named_Entities">DANE</a> records.</li>
<li>Registration on the EFF's <a href="https://starttls-everywhere.org">STARTTLS-Everywhere</a> list.</li>
<li>Valid <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework">SPF</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DomainKeys_Identified_Mail">DKIM</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMARC">DMARC</a>, with the policy <code>p</code> value set to either <code>none</code>, <code>quarantine</code> or <code>reject</code>.</li>
<li>A server suite preference of TLS 1.2 or later and a plan for <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-tls-oldversions-deprecate/">Deprecating TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.1</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTPS">SMTPS</a> submission, assuming SMTP is used.</li>
<li>Website security standards such as:</li>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Strict_Transport_Security">HTTP Strict Transport Security</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subresource_Integrity">Subresource Integrity</a> if loading things from external domains.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Best Case:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Support for hardware authentication, ie <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_2nd_Factor">U2F</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a>. U2F and WebAuthn are more secure as they use a private key stored on a client-side hardware device to authenticate users, as opposed to a shared secret that is stored on the web server and on the client side when using TOTP. Furthermore, U2F and WebAuthn are more resistant to phishing as their authentication response is based on the authenticated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name">domain name</a>.</li>
<li>Zero access encryption, builds on encryption at rest. The difference being the provider does not have the decryption keys to the data they hold. This prevents a rogue employee leaking data they have access to or remote adversary from releasing data they have stolen by gaining unauthorized access to the server.</li>
<li><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6844">DNS Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) Resource Record</a> in addition to DANE support.</li>
<li>Implementation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticated_Received_Chain">Authenticated Received Chain (ARC)</a>, this is useful for users who post to mailing lists <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8617">RFC8617</a>.</li>
<li>Bug-bounty programs and/or a coordinated vulnerability-disclosure process.</li>
<li>Website security standards such as:</li>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy">Content Security Policy (CSP)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-httpbis-expect-ct">Expect-CT</a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<h3><span class="badge badge-info">Trust</span></h3>
<p>You wouldn't trust your finances to someone with a fake identity, so why trust them with your internet data? We require our recommended providers to be public about their ownership or leadership. We also would like to see frequent transparency reports, especially in regard to how government requests are handled.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Minimum to Qualify:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Public-facing leadership or ownership.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Best Case:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Public-facing leadership.</li>
<li>Frequent transparency reports.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<h3><span class="badge badge-info">Marketing</span></h3>
<p>With the email providers we recommend we like to see responsible marketing.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Minimum to Qualify:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Must self host analytics (no Google Analytics etc). The provider's site must also comply with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Not_Track">DNT (Do Not Track)</a> for those users who want to opt-out.</li>
</ul>
<p>Must not have any marketing which is irresponsible:</p>
<ul>
<li>Claims of "unbreakable encryption". Encryption should be used with the intention that it may not be secret in the future when the technology exists to crack it.</li>
<li>Making guarantees of protecting anonymity 100%. When someone makes a claim that something is 100% it means there is no certainty for failure. We know users can quite easily deanonymize themselves in a number of ways, eg:</li>
<ul>
<li>Reusing personal information eg. (email accounts, unique pseudonyms etc) that they accessed without anonymity software (Tor, VPN etc)</li>
<li><a href="/browsers/#fingerprint">Browser fingerprinting</a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><strong>Best Case:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Clear and easy to read documentation. This includes things like, setting up 2FA, email clients, OpenPGP, etc.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-12">
<h3><span class="badge badge-info">Additional Functionality</span></h3>
<p>While not strictly requirements, there are some factors we looked into when determining which providers to recommend.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<h1 id="email-encryption" class="anchor"><a href="#email-encryption"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Email encryption</h1>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3>What is end-to-end encryption (E2EE) encryption in email?</h3>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption">End-to-end encryption (E2EE)</a> is a way of encrypting email contents so that nobody but the recipient(s) can read the email message.</p>
<h3>How can I encrypt my email?</h3>
<p>The standard way to do email E2EE and have it work between different email providers is with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy#OpenPGP">OpenPGP</a>. There are different implementations of the OpenPGP standard, the most common being <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Privacy_Guard">GnuPG</a> and <a href=https://openpgpjs.org>OpenPGP.js</a>.</p>
<p>There is another standard that was popular with business called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/MIME">S/MIME</a>, however it requires a certificate issued from a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority">Certificate Authority</a> (not all of them issue S/MIME certificates). It has support in <a href="https://support.google.com/a/topic/9061730?hl=en&ref_topic=9061731">G Suite Enterprise/Education</a> and <a href="https://support.office.com/en-us/article/encrypt-messages-by-using-s-mime-in-outlook-on-the-web-878c79fc-7088-4b39-966f-14512658f480">Office 365 Business or Exchange Server 2016, 2019</a>.</p>
<h3>What software can I use to get E2EE?</h3>
<p>Email providers which allow you to use standard access protocols like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol">IMAP</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol">SMTP</a> can be used with any of the <a href="/software/email/">email clients we recommend</a>. This can be less secure as you are now relying on email providers to ensure that their encryption implementation works and has not been compromised in anyway.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3>How do I protect my private keys?</h3>
<p>A smartcard (such as a <a href="https://support.yubico.com/support/solutions/articles/15000006420-using-your-yubikey-with-openpgp">Yubikey</a> or <a href="https://www.nitrokey.com">Nitrokey</a>) works by receiving an encrypted email message from a device (phone, tablet, computer etc) running an email/webmail client. The message is then decrypted by the smartcard and the decrypted content is sent back to the device.</p>
<p>It is advantageous for the decryption to occur on the smartcard so as to avoid possibly exposing your private key to a compromised device.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h1 id="metadata" class="anchor"><a href="#metadata"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Email metadata</h1>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3>Who can see the email metadata?</h3>
<p>Email metadata is able to be seen by your email client software (or webmail) and any servers relaying the message from you to any recipients. Sometimes email servers will also use external parties to protect against spam.</p>
<h3>What is email metadata?</h3>
<p>Email software will often show some visible headers that you may have seen such as: <code>To</code>, <code>From</code>, <code>Cc</code>, <code>Date</code>, <code>Subject</code>.
</p>
<h3>When is email metadata used?</h3>
<p>Client software may use it to show who a message is from and what time it was received. Servers may use it to determine where an email message must be sent, among <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#Message_header">other purposes</a> not transparent to the user.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3>Where is the email metadata?</h3>
<p>Email metadata is stored in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#Message_header">message header</a> of the email message.</p>
<h3>Why can't email metadata be E2EE?</h3>
<p>Email metadata is is cruicial to the most basic functionality of email (where it came from, and where it has to go). E2EE was not built into the email protocols originally and is also optional, therefore, only the message content is protected.</p>
<h3>How is my metadata protected?</h3>
<p>When emails travel between email providers an encrypted connection is negotiated using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_TLS">Opportunistic TLS</a>. This protects the metadata from outside observers, but as it is not E2EE, server administrators can snoop on the metadata of an email.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<h1 id="cloaking" class="anchor"><a href="#cloaking"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Email cloaking services</h1>
<div class="container">
<a href="https://anonaddy.com">
<img src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/anonaddy.svg"
data-theme-src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/anonaddy-dark.svg"
width="180rem" class="img-fluid float-left mr-3"
alt="AnonAddy">
</a>
<p><strong><a href="https://anonaddy.com">AnonAddy</a></strong> lets users create aliases that forward to their email address. Can be self-hosted. <a href="https://github.com/anonaddy/anonaddy">Source code on GitHub</a>.</p>
</div>
<h1 id="selfhosting" class="anchor"><a href="#selfhosting"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Self-hosting Email</h1>
<div class="container">
<p>Advanced users may consider setting up their own email server. Mailservers require attention and continuous maintenance in order to keep things secure and mail delivery reliable.</p>
<h3>Combined software solutions</h3>
<a href="https://mailinabox.email/">
<img src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/mail-in-a-box.svg"
width="80rem" class="img-fluid float-left mr-3"
alt="Mail-in-a-Box">
</a>
<br>
<p><strong><a href="https://mailinabox.email">Mail-in-a-Box</a></strong> is an automated setup script for deploying a mail server on Ubuntu. Its goal is to make it easier for users to set up their own mail server.</p>
<a href="https://mailcow.email/">
<img src="/assets/img/svg/3rd-party/mailcow.svg"
width="80rem" class="img-fluid float-left mr-3"
alt="Mailcow">
</a>
<p><strong><a href="https://mailcow.email">Mailcow</a></strong> is a more advanced mail server perfect for those with a bit more Linux experience. It has everything you need in a Docker container: A mailserver with DKIM support, antivirus and spam monitoring, webmail and ActiveSync with SOGo, and web-based administration with 2FA support. <strong><a href="https://mailcow.github.io/mailcow-dockerized-docs/">Mailcow Dockerized docs</a></strong></p>
<p>For a more manual approach we've picked out these two articles.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://poolp.org/posts/2019-09-14/setting-up-a-mail-server-with-opensmtpd-dovecot-and-rspamd/">Setting up a mail server with OpenSMTPD, Dovecot and Rspamd</a> (2019)</li>
<li><a href="https://www.c0ffee.net/blog/mail-server-guide/">How To Run Your Own Mail Server</a> (August 2017)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h1 id="info" class="anchor"><a href="#info"><i class="fas fa-link anchor-icon"></i></a> Related Email Articles</h1>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.grepular.com/An_NFC_PGP_SmartCard_For_Android">An NFC PGP SmartCard For Android</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.wired.com/2011/10/ecpa-turns-twenty-five/">Aging 'Privacy' Law Leaves Cloud E-Mail Open to Cops (2011)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://thinkprogress.org/the-government-can-still-read-most-of-your-emails-without-a-warrant-322fe6defc7b/">The Government Can (Still) Read Most Of Your Emails Without A Warrant (2013)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>

9
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@ -5,14 +5,7 @@ title: "Email Clients"
description: "Discover free, open-source, and secure email clients, along with some email alternatives you may not have considered."
---
<div class="card border-danger">
<div class="card-header text-danger"><i class="fas fa-exclamation-circle fa-fw"></i> Warning</div>
<div class="card-body">
<p class="card-text text-danger">Even when using end-to-end encryption technology like GPG, email is inherently insecure and should not be trusted for sensitive communications. Metadata is always communicated in plaintext, and even when encryption is used correctly it is very easy for either party to accidentally respond to or forward a previously encrypted message in plaintext in many clients. GPG also does not easily support modern crypto functionality such as key rotation and forward secrecy.</p>
<p class="card-text text-secondary">We recommend the following email providers for routine notifications and messages from other services that require an email address. For communications that <strong>need</strong> to be safe and secure, you should use a dedicated instant messaging tool, such as Signal.</p>
<a href="/software/real-time-communication/" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">Recommended Instant Messengers</a>
</div>
</div>
{% include sections/email-warning.html %}
{% include sections/email-clients.html %}