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<a href="../index.html">Previous Page</a></br></br>
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<p><img src="../../assets/img/mcneb10.jpg" width="50px" height="50px">
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<ba>mcneb10 - August 25, 2024</ba>
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</p>
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<h1>Mine Monero with p2pool and xmrig</h1>
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<figure>
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<img src="0.png" style="width:250px">
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<figcaption>Figure 4.7 from <a href="https://masteringmonero.com/">Mastering Monero</a></figcaption>
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</figure>
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<div class="container">
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2">
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<h2><b>Introduction</b></h2>
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<p>
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In this tutorial, I'll outline how to mine Monero using p2pool. Monero mining uses the <a
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href="https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/randomx.html">RandomX</a> algorithm
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and is CPU bound to prevent ASICs from centralizing the network.
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</p>
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<p>
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As with almost all other cryptocurrencies, Monero is best mined in pools.
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Most pools are centralized, meaning one entity controls the operation of the pool.
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This is an issue, because if the pool gains at least 51% of the total hashing power of the
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network, <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-spending#51%_attack">the network's security
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can be compromised</a>.
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To prevent this, p2pool was written.
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</p>
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<p>
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p2pool is a open source Monero mining pool that provides the best rewards and helps prevent
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centralization of mining power.
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The pool is decentralized and is not controlled by any one entity.
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</p>
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<p>
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Before you begin, it is important to know that due to the peer to peer nature of p2pool, all
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nodes connect to each other via forwarded ports and your IP will be visible by the network.
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There is currently no way to hide your IP, except maybe via VPN which is beyond the scope of
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this tutorial.
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<a href="../vpn/index.html">This tutorial</a> explains how to
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set one up.
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</p>
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<div class="container">
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2">
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<h2><b>Monero Node</b></h2> </br> </br>
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<p>
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Before you begin mining, you must first find a node to source block data from. This node must
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have zmq enabled for p2pool to function.
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</p>
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<p>
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I recommend running your own node to reduce strain on the network and to increase your own
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privacy.
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You can follow <a href="../monero2024/node.html">this tutorial</a> to set one up.
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If you cannot run a Monero node for some reason, pick the fastest node from the list <a
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href="https://xmrvsbeast.com/p2pool/monero_nodes.html">here</a> and write down the hostname,
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RPC_Port, and ZMQ_Port.
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</p>
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</div>
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</div><!-- /row -->
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</div> <!-- /container -->
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<div id="anon1">
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<div class="container">
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2">
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<h2><b>p2pool Node Setup</b></h2> </br> </br>
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<p>
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When using p2pool, you must run your own p2pool node to which the xmrig mining clients will
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connect.
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</p>
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<p>
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To start, install p2pool from the <a href="https://github.com/SChernykh/p2pool/releases/latest">GitHub downloads page</a>:
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</p>
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<pre><code class="nim">
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~/Downloads
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❯ wget "https://github.com/SChernykh/p2pool/releases/download/v4.0/p2pool-v4.0-linux-x64.tar.gz"
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~/Downloads
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❯ tar -xf p2pool-v4.0-linux-x64.tar.gz
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~/Downloads
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❯ mv p2pool-v4.0-linux-x64/ p2pool/
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~/Downloads
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❯ cd p2pool/
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~/Downloads/p2pool
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❯ realpath p2pool
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/home/mcneb10/Downloads/p2pool/p2pool
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</code></pre>
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<p>You can also compile from source using the <code class="nim">p2pool_source.tar.xz</code> tarball</p>
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<p>Next, make a systemd service for p2pool:</p>
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<pre><code class="nim">
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~
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❯ sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/p2pool.service
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~
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❯ cat /etc/systemd/system/p2pool.service
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[Unit]
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Description=p2pool
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After=network.target
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Wants=network.target
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[Service]
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ExecStart=/home/mcneb10/Downloads/p2pool/p2pool --wallet x --host 127.0.0.1 --rpc-port 18081 --zmq-port 18084 --stratum 0.0.0.0:3333 --mini
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Restart=on-failure
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RestartSec=10s
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StandardOutput=journal
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StandardError=journal
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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</code></pre>
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<p>
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You'll need to make various changes to this config for your specific configuration:
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</p>
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<p>
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<ol>
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<li>
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Change the path of p2pool in <code class="nim">ExecStart</code> to the path outputted by <code class="nim">realpath</code> on your machine.
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</li>
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<li>
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Replace the <code class="nim">x</code> in <code class="nim">--wallet x</code> with your own wallet address
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<ul>
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<li>This is the wallet address that will represent your mining power on p2pool. It MUST be a primary address.</li>
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<li>I recommend creating a new wallet specifically for mining to protect your privacy, as mining payout transactions are partially transparent to allow auditing of the total Monero supply.</li>
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<li><b>DO NOT</b> share this address with anyone, as it can be used to obtain the IP address of your p2pool node.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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Change the hostname after the <code class="nim">--host</code> option and the ports after the <code class="nim">--zmq-port</code> and <code class="nim">--rpc-port</code> options to the hostname and ports specific to the Monero node you run (or the one wrote down earlier if you are using another node).
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</li>
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<li>
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Make sure the stratum interface is configured how you want it
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<ul>
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<li>The <code class="nim">--stratum</code> option sets the address and port p2pool will bind to for accepting stratum connections. These stratum connections are for p2pool to communicate with the computers you will be mining on.</li>
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<li>The default is fine, but will expose on all interfaces. If you don't want this, change the <code class="nim">0.0.0.0</code> to a different address.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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Remove the <code class="nim">--mini</code> option if you are running a larger scale mining operation (around 100kH/s or higher)
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</li>
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</ol>
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</p>
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<p>
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You can then enable the service with:
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</p>
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<pre><code class="nim">
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~
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❯ sudo systemctl enable --now p2pool
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~
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❯ sudo systemctl status p2pool
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● p2pool.service - p2pool
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Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/p2pool.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
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Active: active (running) since Wed 2024-08-14 16:38:58 UTC; 2min 54s
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...
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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<!-- +++++ Second Post +++++ -->
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<div class="container">
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2">
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<h2><b>xmrig Setup</b></h2> </br> </br>
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<p>
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Now that the p2pool node is set up, you can start mining!
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</p>
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<p>
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The you can find the xmrig binaries on the <a href="https://github.com/xmrig/xmrig/releases/latest">releases page</a>.
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Follow these steps to install:
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</p>
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<pre><code class="nim">
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~/Downloads
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❯ wget "https://github.com/xmrig/xmrig/releases/download/v6.21.3/xmrig-6.21.3-linux-static-x64.tar.gz"
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~/Downloads
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❯ tar -xf xmrig-6.21.3-linux-static-x64.tar.gz
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~/Downloads
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❯ mv xmrig-6.21.3/ xmrig/
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~/Downloads
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❯ cd xmrig/
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~/Downloads/xmrig
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❯ realpath xmrig
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/home/mcneb10/Downloads/xmrig/xmrig
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</code></pre>
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<p>
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<b>Please note that</b> the source code and precompiled xmrig binaries will donate 1% of your hashrate to the developer.
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You can change the code to prevent this or block the developer's server as it can compromise your privacy.
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The donation can be blocked by amending your hosts file like so:
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<pre><code class="nim">
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~
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❯ sudo vim /etc/hosts
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~
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❯ cat /etc/hosts
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...
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# Block xmrig donation
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0.0.0.0 donate.v2.xmrig.com donate.ssl.xmrig.com
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</code></pre>
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</p>
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<p>
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Be careful mining in apartments, dorms, shared living spaces, public spaces, etc. as many have explicit policies against mining that may result in your punishment.
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</p>
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<p>
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With that out of the way, we can setup a systemd service like so:
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<pre><code class="nim">
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~
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❯ sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/xmrig.service
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~
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❯ cat /etc/systemd/system/xmrig.service
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[Unit]
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Description=xmrig
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After=network.target
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Wants=network.target
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[Service]
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ExecStart=/home/mcneb10/Downloads/xmrig/xmrig -o 127.0.0.1:3333 -k
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Restart=on-failure
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RestartSec=10s
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StandardOutput=journal
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StandardError=journal
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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</code></pre>
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</p>
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<p>
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Again, you'll have to make some changes to the service config for your configuration:
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<ol>
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<li>Change the path of xmrig in <code class="nim">ExecStart</code> to the path outputted by the <code class="nim">realpath</code> command</li>
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<li>Replace the <code class="nim">127.0.0.1:3333</code> with the hostname:port of your p2pool stratum server we just set up relative to your mining rig</li>
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</ol>
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<p>
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Some optimization info:
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<ul>
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<li>xmrig relies on bare metal control of a CPU <b>as root</b> for optimization, so if you run it in a VM or as a regular user it will get a very bad hash rate. </li>
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<li>
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xmrig also has options to control the amount of threads and resources it uses on your machine.
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By default it won't use all resources to prevent the computer from becoming unusable.
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You can force xmrig to use as much computing power as possible by adding the option <code class="nim">--cpu-no-yield</code> to the command line.
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</li>
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<li>
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You can also set the number of preferred CPU threads for xmrig to use by adding <code class="nim">-t N</code>, where N is the number of threads.
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I don't recommend changing this, as xmrig will chose the optimal settings for you.
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Cutting down threads will reduce cpu + power usage.
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</li>
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<li>
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See the full list of optimization options <a href="https://xmrig.com/docs/miner/command-line-options#cpu-backend">here</a>.
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</li>
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</ul>
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</p>
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</p>
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<p>
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You can then enable the service with:
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<pre><code class="nim">
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~
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❯ sudo systemctl enable --now xmrig
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~
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❯ sudo systemctl status xmrig
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● xmrig.service - xmrig
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Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/xmrig.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
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Active: active (running) since Wed 2024-08-14 16:38:58 UTC; 2min 54s
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...
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</code></pre>
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</p>
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<p>
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Repeat the process for all of your mining rigs.
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</p>
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</div>
|
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</div><!-- /row -->
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</div> <!-- /container -->
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</div><!-- /white -->
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|
||
<!-- +++++ Second Post +++++ -->
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||
<div id="anon1">
|
||
<div class="container">
|
||
<div class="row">
|
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<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2">
|
||
<h2><b>Maintenance</b></h2> </br> </br>
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<p>
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Make sure to periodically check for updates on p2pool, as there may be breaking changes that affect mining profitability and security.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
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To update the binaries for either p2pool or xmrig, simply download them and overwrite the old version.
|
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You can use commands in the installation instructions to overwrite the old one.
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The systemd services should continue to work fine.
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</p>
|
||
</div>
|
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</div><!-- /row -->
|
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</div> <!-- /container -->
|
||
</div><!-- /white -->
|
||
<!-- +++++ Footer Section +++++ -->
|
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|
||
<!-- +++++ Second Post +++++ -->
|
||
<div id="anon2">
|
||
<div class="container">
|
||
<div class="row">
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||
<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2">
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<h2><b>Some Optional (but useful) Extras</b></h2> </br> </br>
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<ul>
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<li>
|
||
You can calculate your estimated revenue with <a href="https://mini.p2pool.observer/calculate-share-time">this calculator</a>.
|
||
The <a href="https://xmrig.com/benchmark">xmrig benchmark page</a> shows the hash rate of processors by model.
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||
<ul>
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||
<li>For example, if you were to mine on an AMD Ryzen 5 7600X non stop for a day, you would make a maximum of 0.0017 XMR at the time of writing.</li>
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||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
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||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://mini.p2pool.observer">mini p2pool observer</a> (<a href="http://p2pmin25k4ei5bp3l6bpyoap6ogevrc35c3hcfue7zfetjpbhhshxdqd.onion/">onion</a>) shows your mining stats, such as shares, payouts, daily revenue, etc.
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||
<ul>
|
||
<li>The site also has a service for mining notifications using webhooks.</li>
|
||
<li>If you removed the <code class="nim">--mini</code> option the site is at <a href="https://p2pool.observer/">p2pool observer</a> (<a href="http://p2pool2giz2r5cpqicajwoazjcxkfujxswtk3jolfk2ubilhrkqam2id.onion/">onion</a>).</li>
|
||
<li>Simply paste your mining wallet address in the search bar to view. Keep in mind the information will not populate until you get your first share, which might take a few hours.</li>
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||
</ul>
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||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Registering for the <a href="https://xmrvsbeast.com/p2pool/">xmrvsbeast</a> hash rate raffle can give you even more profitability as a miner. The site explains the rules in depth.
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
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||
</div>
|
||
</div><!-- /row -->
|
||
</div> <!-- /container -->
|
||
</div><!-- /white -->
|
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<!-- +++++ Footer Section +++++ -->
|
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|
||
<div id="anonb">
|
||
<div class="container">
|
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|
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|
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<p>
|
||
<ul>
|
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</ul>
|
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</p>
|
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</div><!-- /col-lg-4 -->
|
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</div>
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-lg-4">
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<h4>mcneb10</h4>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Unity
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div><!-- /col-lg-4 -->
|
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|
||
<div class="col-lg-4">
|
||
<h4>My Links</h4>
|
||
<p>
|
||
|
||
<li><a href="https://themcgovern.net">Site</a> (<a href="http://mcgovern7dgred44sj754dqvjlj26ri2fmalo6fsoj2p2nlczijeguad.onion/">onion</a>)</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://themcgovern.net/contact/">Contact</a> (<a href="http://mcgovern7dgred44sj754dqvjlj26ri2fmalo6fsoj2p2nlczijeguad.onion/contact/">onion</a>)</li>
|
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<li><a href="https://themcgovern.net/donate/">Donate</a> (<a href="http://mcgovern7dgred44sj754dqvjlj26ri2fmalo6fsoj2p2nlczijeguad.onion/donate/">onion</a>)</li>
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</p>
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</div><!-- /col-lg-4 -->
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<div class="col-lg-4">
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<h4>About mcneb10:</h4>
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<p style="word-wrap: break-word;"><u>Donate XMR:</u>
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46qeUbExxGSLT1pAkssG2LMBnLPsbiTNMcikp1B8PwFnShPkTRxt9c12Tcw2KaAagRTAju5j2NUYYNwCAp54zKMqBpoUZEg
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</p></br>
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<p><u>Contact:XMPP (preferred, use E2E):</u> mcneb10@themcgovern.net)</p>
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</div><!-- /col-lg-4 -->
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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