2024-07-25 12:23:36 +02:00
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< title > How to install and update programs on Linux < / title >
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< a href = "../anon.html" > Previous Page< / a > < / br > < / br > < p > < img src = "../../assets/img/user.png" width = "50px" height = "50px" > < ba > nihilist@mainpc - 2024-06-16< / ba > < / p >
< h1 > How to install and update programs on Linux < / h1 >
< img src = "0.png" style = "width:250px" >
< p > In this tutorial, we're going to take a look at how you can install and update your programs on linux:< / p >
2024-07-31 23:07:35 +02:00
< p > < h2 > < u > OPSEC Recommendations:< / u > < / h2 > < / p >
< ol >
< li > < p > Hardware : PC / Laptop / Homeserver / Remote Server< / p > < / li >
< li > < p > OS : < a href = "../linux/index.html" > Linux< / a > < / p > < / li >
< / ol >
< p > I recommend using this setup for < a href = "../privacy/index.html" > Private use< / a > , as per the < a href = "../opsec4levels/index.html" > 4 basic OPSEC levels< / a > .< / p >
2024-07-25 12:23:36 +02:00
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< h2 > < b > Apt: Updating the repositories and packages < / b > < / h2 >
< p > First we need to open up a terminal:< / p >
< img src = "1.png" class = "imgRz" >
< p > and then we can run the following command < b > sudo apt update< / b > to make sure that our linux OS has the data regarding which are latest package versions:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "nim" >
nihilist@mainpc:~$ sudo apt update
[sudo] password for nihilist:
Hit:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease
Get:2 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease [48.0 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease [55.4 kB]
Hit:4 https://repository.mullvad.net/deb/stable bookworm InRelease
Get:5 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main Sources [99.0 kB]
Get:6 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 Packages [160 kB]
Get:7 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main Translation-en [96.4 kB]
Get:8 https://packages.element.io/debian default InRelease [3,618 B]
Get:9 https://packages.element.io/debian default/main amd64 Packages [1,030 B]
Get:10 tor+http://deb.w5j6stm77zs6652pgsij4awcjeel3eco7kvipheu6mtr623eyyehj4yd.onion bookworm InRelease [62.0 kB]
Get:11 tor+http://deb.w5j6stm77zs6652pgsij4awcjeel3eco7kvipheu6mtr623eyyehj4yd.onion bookworm/main amd64 Packages [36.1 kB]
Fetched 561 kB in 20s (28.5 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
24 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
< / code > < / pre >
< p > And at the bottom you see that there are 24 packages that can be upgraded, so we run < b > sudo apt upgrade< / b > to make sure that those packages are on the latest available versions:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "nim" >
nihilist@mainpc:~$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
default-jdk-headless libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libwpe-1.0-1 libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1 libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev libxt-dev linux-image-6.1.0-17-amd64 openjdk-17-jdk openjdk-17-jdk-headless x11proto-dev
xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be upgraded:
element-desktop ffmpeg firefox-esr gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-x libarchive-tools libarchive13 libavcodec59 libavdevice59 libavfilter8 libavformat59 libavutil57
libgstreamer-gl1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libpostproc56 libswresample4 libswscale6 python3-pil python3-pil.imagetk tb-updater thunderbird
24 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 134 MB/234 MB of archives.
After this operation, 5,378 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Here we press y and enter to continue, then let it run:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "nim" >
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libswscale6 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [215 kB]
Get:2 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libavdevice59 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [114 kB]
Get:3 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libavformat59 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [1,102 kB]
Get:4 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libavfilter8 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [3,703 kB]
Get:5 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libavcodec59 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [5,216 kB]
Get:6 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libavutil57 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [363 kB]
Get:7 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libpostproc56 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [94.0 kB]
Get:8 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 libswresample4 amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [97.3 kB]
Get:9 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 ffmpeg amd64 7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1 [1,814 kB]
Get:10 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 firefox-esr amd64 115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1 [63.1 MB]
Get:11 tor+http://deb.w5j6stm77zs6652pgsij4awcjeel3eco7kvipheu6mtr623eyyehj4yd.onion bookworm/main amd64 tb-updater all 3:33.4-1 [245 kB]
Get:12 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 thunderbird amd64 1:115.12.0-1~deb12u1 [58.3 MB]
Fetched 134 MB in 20s (6,658 kB/s)
Reading changelogs... Done
(Reading database ... 219964 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-element-desktop_1.11.68_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking element-desktop (1.11.68) over (1.11.67) ...
Preparing to unpack .../01-libswscale6_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libswscale6:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../02-libavdevice59_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libavdevice59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../03-libavformat59_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libavformat59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../04-libavfilter8_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libavfilter8:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../05-libavcodec59_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libavcodec59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../06-libavutil57_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libavutil57:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../07-libpostproc56_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpostproc56:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../08-libswresample4_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libswresample4:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../09-ffmpeg_7%3a5.1.5-0+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking ffmpeg (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) over (7:5.1.4-0+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../10-firefox-esr_115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Leaving 'diversion of /usr/bin/firefox to /usr/bin/firefox.real by firefox-esr'
Unpacking firefox-esr (115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1) over (115.11.0esr-1~deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../11-libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../12-libgstreamer-gl1.0-0_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgstreamer-gl1.0-0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../13-gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../14-gstreamer1.0-alsa_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gstreamer1.0-alsa:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../15-gstreamer1.0-gl_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gstreamer1.0-gl:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../16-gstreamer1.0-plugins-base_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../17-gstreamer1.0-x_1.22.0-3+deb12u2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking gstreamer1.0-x:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) over (1.22.0-3+deb12u1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../18-libarchive-tools_3.6.2-1+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libarchive-tools (3.6.2-1+deb12u1) over (3.6.2-1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../19-libarchive13_3.6.2-1+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libarchive13:amd64 (3.6.2-1+deb12u1) over (3.6.2-1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../20-python3-pil.imagetk_9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3-pil.imagetk:amd64 (9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1) over (9.4.0-1.1+b1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../21-python3-pil_9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3-pil:amd64 (9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1) over (9.4.0-1.1+b1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../22-tb-updater_3%3a33.4-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking tb-updater (3:33.4-1) over (3:33.0-1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../23-thunderbird_1%3a115.12.0-1~deb12u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking thunderbird (1:115.12.0-1~deb12u1) over (1:115.11.0-1~deb12u1) ...
Setting up libarchive13:amd64 (3.6.2-1+deb12u1) ...
Setting up element-desktop (1.11.68) ...
update-alternatives is /usr/bin/update-alternatives
Setting up libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
Setting up python3-pil:amd64 (9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1) ...
Setting up libavutil57:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up libgstreamer-gl1.0-0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
Setting up gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
Setting up python3-pil.imagetk:amd64 (9.4.0-1.1+deb12u1) ...
Setting up libswresample4:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up thunderbird (1:115.12.0-1~deb12u1) ...
Skipping profile in /etc/apparmor.d/disable: usr.bin.thunderbird
Setting up libpostproc56:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up libavcodec59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up libswscale6:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up firefox-esr (115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1) ...
Setting up gstreamer1.0-gl:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
Setting up libarchive-tools (3.6.2-1+deb12u1) ...
Setting up gstreamer1.0-x:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
Setting up gstreamer1.0-alsa:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
Setting up libavformat59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0:amd64 (1.22.0-3+deb12u2) ...
Setting up libavfilter8:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up tb-updater (3:33.4-1) ...
INFO: Using '--postinst' option but outside of Qubes Template, skipping, ok.
Setting up libavdevice59:amd64 (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up ffmpeg (7:5.1.5-0+deb12u1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.26-1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.36-9+deb12u7) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.11.2-2) ...
Processing triggers for mailcap (3.70+nmu1) ...
Scanning processes...
Scanning candidates...
Scanning linux images...
Running kernel seems to be up-to-date.
Restarting services...
systemctl restart fwupd.service
No containers need to be restarted.
User sessions running outdated binaries:
nihilist @ session #2: cinnamon[1513], element-desktop[103821,103826,103827,103829], firefox-esr[1238857]
nihilist @ user manager service: systemd[1229]
No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host.
< / code > < / pre >
< p > during the package upgrade it can prompt you if you want to restart processes:< / p >
< img src = "2.png" class = "imgRz" >
< p > Just press enter to allow the process to be restarted, and for the package upgrade to finish.< / p >
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< h2 > < b > Installing new packages on Linux< / b > < / h2 > < / br > < / br >
< p > First we can use the < b > apt search pkgname< / b > command to look for available packages: < / p >
< pre > < code class = "nim" >
nihilist@mainpc:~$ apt search firefox-esr
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
firefox-esr/stable-security,now 115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1 amd64
Mozilla Firefox web browser - Extended Support Release (ESR)
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Here we see that the firefox package is available, so let's install it with the < b > apt install pgkname< / b > command:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "nim" >
nihilist@mainpc:~$ sudo apt install firefox-esr -y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
firefox-esr is already the newest version (115.12.0esr-1~deb12u1).
< / code > < / pre >
< p > And then you can launch it:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "nim" >
nihilist@mainpc:~$ which firefox
/usr/bin/firefox
nihilist@mainpc:~$ firefox
< / code > < / pre >
< img src = "3.png" class = "imgRz" >
< p > and if you want to remove the package you can use the command < b > apt purge firefox-esr< / b > < / p >
< p > Next, Bob can setup < a href = "../hypervisorsetup/index.html" > an open-source hypervisor< / a > on his linux laptop to properly < a href = "../internetsegmentation/index.html" > segment< / a > his internet usage.< / p >
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< h4 > Nihilism< / h4 >
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Until there is Nothing left.
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< p style = "word-wrap: break-word;" > < u > Donate XMR:< / u > 8AUYjhQeG3D5aodJDtqG499N5jXXM71gYKD8LgSsFB9BUV1o7muLv3DXHoydRTK4SZaaUBq4EAUqpZHLrX2VZLH71Jrd9k8< / p > < / br > < p > < u > Contact:< / u > nihilist@nihilism.network (< a href = "https://nihilism.network/nihilist.pubkey" > PGP< / a > )< / p >
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