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<title>Linux Hypervisor Setup (QEMU/KVM virtualisation)</title>
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<a href="../index.html">Previous Page</a></br></br><p><img src="../../assets/img/user.png" width="50px" height="50px"> <ba>nihilist@mainpc - 2024-01-29</ba></p>
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<h1>Linux Hypervisor Setup (QEMU/KVM virtualisation) </h1>
<img src="999.png" style="width:250px">
<p>In this tutorial we're going to cover how to setup the open source hypervisor QEMU/KVM in <a href="../linux/index.html">Linux</a> host OS, using the libvirt technology.</p>
add context to tutorials
2024-07-31 23:07:35 +02:00
<p><h2><u>OPSEC Recommendations:</u></h2></p>
<ol>
<li><p>Hardware : PC / Laptop / Homeserver / Remote Server</p></li>
<li><p>Host OS : <a href="../linux/index.html">Linux</a></p></li>
</ol>
<p>I recommend using this setup first of all to <b>isolate your Public use</b>, and to <b>segment it from the other Uses</b> such as <a href="../privacy/index.html">Private use</a>, but it can later be used for <a href="../anonymityexplained/index.html">Anonymous use</a>, and also <a href="../encryption/index">Sensitive Use</a>, as per the <a href="../opsec4levels/index.html">4 basic OPSEC levels</a>.</p>
updated
2024-07-25 12:23:36 +02:00
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<h2><b>Why should Bob use an open-source hypervisor ?</b></h2>
<p>Bob has a problem, he wants to use his laptop for 4 different internet uses:</p>
<img src="../internetsegmentation/4.png" class="imgRz">
<p>But currently, he has only one laptop with linux as the host OS.</p>
<img src="21.png" class="imgRz">
<p>So the idea basically is that Bob does not need to purchase 4 laptops each for a different usage, he just needs to virtualise those machines using a Hypervisor:</p>
<img src="22.png" class="imgRz">
<p>Bob is going to use a QEMU/KVM hypervisor to virtualize 4 VMs, each for a specific use. The windows VM will be for public use, the debian VM will be for the private use, the Whonix VM will be for Anonymous use, and the other whonix VMs in the veracrypt hidden volume be used for sensitive uses.</p>
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<!-- <h2><b>Host OS Hardening</b></h2> </br> </br>
<p>Now that we're in our host OS, let's do a few basic things to harden it:</p>
<pre><code class="nim">
su -
apt update ; apt full-upgrade ; apt install --no-install-recommends sudo adduser curl apt-transport-tor tor torsocks
usermod -aG sudo nihilist
nihilist@debian:~$ sudo apt update -y ; sudo apt full-upgrade -y
</code></pre>
<p>Next, we make sure that unattended upgrades are activated so that minor package updates are automatically carried out by the system.</p>
<pre><code class="nim">
nihilist@debian:~$ sudo apt install unattended-upgrades apt-listchanges -y
nihilist@debian:~$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades
</code></pre>
<img src="9.png" class="imgRz">
<p>Next, we're going to trim out what we don't need from our Host OS. First and foremost, let's get rid of all the logs (both system and kernel logs) on the system. </p>
<pre><code class="nim">
nihilist@debian:~$ su -
root@debian:~# crontab -e # run it as the root user!
* * * * * echo "" > /var/log/*.log /var/log/*/*.log /var/log/*/*/*.log ; dmesg -c ; dmesg -n 1 ; dmesg -c
0 * * * * apt clean -y ; apt autoremove -y
#also uncomment the kernel.printk line in /etc/sysctl.conf to avoid the kernel from printing out errors
root@debian:~# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
root@debian:~# cat /etc/sysctl.conf | grep printk
kernel.printk = 3 4 1 3
</code></pre>
<p>Like so we're making sure that logfiles, and that kernel output is minutely cleared</p>-->
<h2><b>Virtualisation setup</b></h2> </br> </br>
<p>Next <b>we do not virtualize anything using closed-source software</b> like VMWare Workstation or else. <b>We use QEMU/KVM with virt-manager, which is an open source hypervisor</b>:</p>
<pre><code class="nim">
nihilist@debian:~# sudo apt install libvirt0 virt-manager dnsmasq bridge-utils
sudo systemctl enable --now libvirtd
nihilist@debian:~# sudo usermod -a -G libvirt nihilist
nihilist@debian:~# sudo usermod -a -G kvm nihilist
nihilist@debian:~# sudo vim /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
nihilist@debian:~# cat /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf | grep sock_group
unix_sock_group = "libvirt"
unix_sock_rw_perms = "0770"
nihilist@debian:~# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf
group = "libvirt"
user = "nihilist"
nihilist@debian:~# systemctl restart libvirtd.service
updated
2024-08-05 12:11:46 +02:00
nihilist@debian:~# virt-manager
updated
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</code></pre>
<p>Next just make sure that the NAT network is created, and that the ISOs and VMs folders are with the correct permissions:</p>
<img src="11.png" class="imgRz">
<pre><code class="nim">
nihilist@debian:~$ mkdir ISOs
nihilist@debian:~$ mkdir VMs
nihilist@debian:~$ sudo chmod 770 -R VMs
nihilist@debian:~$ sudo chmod 770 -R ISOs
nihilist@debian:~$ sudo chown nihilist:libvirt -R VMs
nihilist@debian:~$ sudo chown nihilist:libvirt -R ISOs
</code></pre>
<p>Then you can add the file directories in virt-manager like so:</p>
<img src="13.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="12.png" class="imgRz">
<p>And now you're all set to start making VMs while maintaining the open-source requirement. If you still want to use a closed-source OS, you can do so in a QEMU VM from virt-manager. <b>always remember that closed-source OSes like Windows belong in a VM, never out of one.</b></p>
<p>Additional notes: you can prevent an adversary to tamper with your laptop, by using glitter polish as shown in mullvad's <a href="https://mullvad.net/en/blog/how-tamper-protect-laptop-nail-polish">tutorial</a>, and also make sure that your phone does not have a closed-source host OS by using <a href="https://grapheneos.org/install/cli"> Graphene OS</a>.</p>
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<h2><b>How to setup Vms for Public and Private use</b></h2> </br> </br>
<p>Next, Bob needs to use VMs for 2 basic needs: Public internet usage, and Private internet usage. He first needs to download the <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10ISO">Windows ISO</a> file, and the <a href="https://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst">debian iso</a> file too:</p>
<p>First he creates the windows VM like so:</p>
<img src="23.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="24.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="25.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="26.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="27.png" class="imgRz">
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<img src="29.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="30.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="31.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="32.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="33.png" class="imgRz">
<p>Then he creates the debian VM like so:</p>
<img src="34.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="35.png" class="imgRz">
<p>Then in both VMs he installs the OS on the virtual disk:</p>
<img src="36.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="37.png" class="imgRz">
<p>Then Bob can launch both VMs (make sure that the VM boots onto the disk instead of the iso in the boot settings):</p>
<img src="38.png" class="imgRz">
<img src="39.png" class="imgRz">
<p>Then Bob can use the windows VM for his public usage (such as KYC services, and closed-source software), and use the debian VM for his private usage (any personal matter, with only open source software)</p>
<p>Next, Bob can setup a <a href="../vpn/index.html">VPN</a> by default into his debian VM.</p>
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